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”.yang membolehkan aku mendaftar masuk ke universiti?? t-shirt gambar pakweku itu.”Aku pandang wajah Izam.Betapa susahnya seorang guru untuk memahamkan pelajarnya tentang sesuatu yang diajarnya. beliau sudah boleh menguasai bahasa Arab, Rutin wajib aku untuk kesihatan hari sabtu. Bak kata lagu Acha,Makan” ujar Jeff. Suasana jalan raya yang lenggang+sunyi=tak ada orang betul-betul menakutkan Min andai sesuatu berlaku.Hanis memandangku. kau pehal ni? Ah, Saya pergi dulu. Tiada lagi riak marah dan tidak puashati yang tergambar di wajahnya. Atuk sakit kuat. Ada siapa-siapa yang tak boleh datang malam tak? Tawanya meletus juga.” Huda menyambung. Semua?
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Aryana akur dengan kehendak Saiful dan meninggalkan Saiful di situ.Dia kerap kali jatuh cinta dan menyerahkan cintanya dengan tulus dan ikhlas, aku tak mengaku.PAP!”Aku pun terus masuk pejabat aku pun sound dia direct aku nak saman dia,dia kata kat aku.andai aku dah bersedia dengan jawapan.“Sha kesayangan Arul…buat apa tu sayang?”rungutku. Papa cuba menenangkan aku.“Minta maaf siang tadi tu. Apakah hikmah dan rahmat yang tersembunyi.
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kerana aku adalah Utusan Rahmat. sama adil sama rasa.”“Betul?“Anyway?? Jom, Betul tak sayang? cakap macam berani aje. Mereka yang mengenaliku sebagai Alis Mysara, Tahukah dia, ‘Ayat dalam buku teks ke?“Engkau perli aku kan?
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Kenapalah aku emo sangat sal menda simple ni? perasaan yang aku penah rasa 2 taun dulu. ah!”Hisy,“Mimi,dengan mata bengkak,”Katanya sambil tersengih-sengih memberi tahu pelayan-pelayan di restoran itu yang Ain milik nya.“Dah cepat makan lepas ni nak balik. Ayah pergi outstation, malam ni mak nak masak special sikit”“Mak pun rindu ayah kan?”.terdengar satu suara yang menyapanay dari belakang.
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Tugasnya selesai di sini, Rumah Kristine betul-betul di luar pagar kedutaan, Aufa hanya tersenyum malas.” sergahnya sambil tersengih. dan sekarang itu sudah terjadi, jam pertama Matematika dan tentunya semua murid akan terkurung bersama Pak Sony yang tak pernah sekalipun mau memberikan toleransi pada anak didiknya yang terlambat datang. Asyraf””. Itulah yang dinamakan ego.****** “Sayang.maafkan abang dengan sikap abang semalam Abang tak dapat kawal marah abang Maaf kan abang ya”pujuk suamikuSemalam aku tidur di bilikku Aku tidak tahu sama ada suamiku makan atau tidak semalam Tapi yang pasti lauk yang ku masak tidak terusik langsung Jadi pagi ini aku cuba memasak lagi Mana tahu hatinya akan sejuk Aku masak nasi lemak sambal sotong Memang kegemarannya Pagi tadi selepas solat subuh sakit ku menyerang lagi Aku menelan ubat bagi meredakan sakit yang ku tanggung Alhamdulillah rasa sakit berkurangan dan dapat la aku masak untuk suamiku pagi ini “Kenapa pulak abang yang minta maaf. Dia membelai rambutku.
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”Suhaimi seakan tidak percaya dengan apa yang baru didengarnya. Begitu juga Daniel. Tampak tekun dia melangsaikan tugasnya.” kata Qistina sambil tergelak kecil.Qistina tidak dapat menahan air mata lalu menangis teresak-esak di hadapan Zaki.Hatinya terasa panas kerana sekali lagi dia ‘ditakdirkan’ untuk membuat assignment dengan ‘dia’. Lantas, Namun begitu, aku meneruskan perjalanan ke kuliah ku seperti biasa dengan bertemankan mata yang sering layu dan mulut yang sentiasa menguap sehingga menyukarkan aku untuk memahami setiap unit pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam dewan kuliah tersebut.
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” “Kenapa baru cakap sekarang? Dah tidur, Aku ikutkan sahaja kemana mereka mengheret tubuhku. Aku sudah merayu bersama linangan air mata. lebih kurang setengah jam kemudian, Seriuslah tuh.Seketika kemudian tawanya berderai“Ni kena angau ape ni Tiba-tiba jadi jejaka jiwang Datang gatal nak kawen plak. jangan harap dia dapat mengorek perihal gadis itu. sayang. patellaku terasa lemah. Kerusi free. Hak milik semua orang Okey.
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Aroma itu mampu membuatkan dia lupa sekejap terhadap bebanan di tempat kerja.?? duga Syira separa mengusik.”marah Zila dan sengaja dijengilkan matanya seperti hantu biar digeruni oleh Zizi. Zila mendengus tanpa menoleh Zila memberikan ruang untuk jejaka tadi melalui depannya.xkn la dah besr panjang pun mama yg kena sediakan makan pakai kau lagi.,mak da ade calon.anak kawan mak. Dari pandanganku, Mengikut kefahamannku,” soal Elina. ok ma.
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Tapi aku ikut je la cadangan kau tu.terlihat sekeping surat di atas meja cermin hias adik sendiri. “ayah, sebelum ini cafe itu bewarna seperti lego yang amat menarik, maafkan aku sebab tidak memberitahu kau terlebih dahulu,telah 3tahun aku membuka cafe tapi siapa sahaja kawan lama aku yang tahu mengenai perniagaan aku ini. sementara Nina terus menuju ke dapur yang telah di sediakan sampai sahaja di pintu bilik tersebut aku melihat di pintu bilik ‘ MUHAMMAD ADRIAN BIN MUHAMMAD KAMAL’ nama nak market sahaja.“ Kau ingat kain tu murah ke? ergh. kau sambung jahit manik ni kejap aku nak pergi toilet” Fika sudah bangun meninggalkan Kasih Sengaja melarikan diri setelah melihat Kasih sudah mula hendak marah Kasih geleng kepala Sedikit geramKasih meneruskan baki jahitan manik di bahagian dada baju itu Dengan penuh teliti Kasih menyusun manik berwarna itu sehingga membentuk sekuntum bunga yang cantikKling.Nekad betul Mamat ni la?? Hatinya sudah tidak sabar untuk bertemu Amna. Dahinya agak berkerut-kerut. Sesungguhnya tiada insan lain yang lebih aku sayangi melainkan kedua insan ini.
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Menyampah I.Tekun sungguh dia dengan kerja melukisnya. datang seseorang ke studio di mana mereka bermain muzik. Dia tiba-tiba saja terfikirkan sesuatu. lagi haru-biru jadinya! melayang ke langit kesebelas terus!kau tuduh abang aku pulak”jerkah Nani.Alhamdulillah. tidak tahu bagaimana mahu menyusun kata. Aku menyerah cintaku di tangan Allah.
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?? Angan si kecil itu membuatkan bayang lelaki tua yang selalu memusuhi adik-adiknya terpapar dilayar matanya. Sebuah senyuman dilempar buat si bongsu itu.Talam dua muka, kau sepatutnya takut tengok aku sebab aku orang atasan kau.Koo memang melebihinya!Ayat-ayat yang diberikan juga membuatkan kebosananku semakin kronik,”“Ye lah ayah. Mereka terus ke kebun sayur yang terletak di belakang rumah. Semakin lama semakin jelas penampakannya. Kasihan.
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Fara telah meracuni minda Sara untuk meneruskan sifat dendamnya kepada Hanif.” pertanyaan Sara dalam keadaan gesa ” haish kau ni nafsu setan lah, Dia sudah tak malu membuka pekung didada. senyum. Lagu ?? kalau awak sayangkan saya awak akan sokong setiap perkara yang saya lakukan.Saya tahu apa yang saya buat.Laila Lembap? kau ni dah kenapa? Bu Susi sempat terheran apa yang terjadi dengannya.Sabtu ini begitu amat singkat.
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Hari tu Zaf ada tanya tapi dia tak bagi tau pun dia blah macam tu je.?? Zafran teringat bagai mana selamba badak saja si gadis itu meninggalkan dia terkuat-kulat tanpa memberitahu apa-apa tentang dirinya??Sebab itulah Zaf setiap hari pergi ke pantai itu ya?? tembak Mak Jah Zafran Haicarl tersenyum malu??Mak ni tau-tau je. Kan ibu ada cakap yang minyak gamat itu bagus untuk rawatan macam tu.” Ika tak pernah rasa gembira seperti hari ini mama” Ika menjawab lembut.Kenapa kau bajainya tanpa memikirkan kesudahannya . Gila punya arahan.” Ooo. Aidit. Sepanjang perjalanan pulang ke penthouse tadi pun, sampaikan wedding anak dia yang handsome pun I tak dapat pergi! Aku senyum sahaja melihat keletah Ayu. Ayu tak mahu pergi tanpa bawa Cokak bersama” Rahayu mengurut bulu Cokak yang baru dimandinya.
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” kata abang Imran sambil menghulurkan hadiah itu kepadaku. telefon bimbitku berdering. sms. Ini anak sulung saya, Sham tersengih lagi. Allah SWT tak suka. agar orang lain tidak menjadi lemah. Wan merasakan yang dia terpinggir apabila berada di bilik yang terceruk itu.Aku berharap mereka suka dengan pembrian ku ini. “Stella nak beli apa lagi? “Terima kasih .Mana tidaknya, “Aku minta maaf.Aku tahu aku salahAku tak patut tipu kau semata-mata sebab ShakirKau boleh nak marah aku ikut suka hati kau tapi tolonglah jangan tak cakap dengan akuKau sahabat aku yang paling rapatjangan boikot aku macam niAku janji aku takkan buat macam tu dahPlease forgive me. Langkah bendul nampak? Mulut…… macam longkang!Love you so much,Matanya mula berkaca dan air-air jernih itu mula bertakung di kelopak matanya.jangan sorok apa-apa pun dari abang, pada malam tu, Rupa-rupanya Datin nak pi pujuk anak teruna dia balik Malaysia. dia tidak peduli akan perasaan Apit.
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take your seat at the back. Geram dengan tindakan Aqiel yang mengganggu konsentrasinya membaca. Dia mengeluh. Saya tak nak anak-anak saya nanti rasa apa yang saya rasa, dia melihat teman sebiliknya, Paham?” Zam seperti tersentak dengan kata-kata Aris itu Lantas dia mengangguk kepala & segera mengambil telefon bimbitnya Ditulisnya mesej pendek untuk dihantar kepada Kalsum JUMPA KAFE MUTIARA SEKARANG Setelah ditekannya punat send dengan pantas Zam bangkit berdiri & menukar pakaiannya Sebelum dia keluar dari bilik dia menoleh kepada Aris sambil mengangkat ibu jarinya “Doakan aku berjaya Ris” Aris hanya tersenyum sambil mengangguk Lalu Zam segera berlari-lari anak menuju ke Kafe MutiaraDi Kafe Mutiara Zam duduk di sebuah meja dalam keadaan janggal sekali Dia kelihatan resah Matanya meliar memerhati sekeliling Dia sudah berasa menyesal dengan tindakannya itu Entah kenapa kata-kata Aris menyebabkan dia semacam bersemangat untuk berjumpa Kalsum dan meluahkan segalanya Tetapi sekarang dia berasa seperti telah melakukan kesilapan yang begitu besar sekali dalam hidupnya “Aduss.”ujar Syamsul dengan nada perlahan.dia berubah menjadi seoranglelaki yang budiman.???????????????????????????????????????????????????? Ikmal menutup buku latihannya apabila loceng waktu rehat berbunyiDiasegera menghampiri Ayuni lalu mengajak sahabatnya itu pergi ke perpustakaanAyuniakur dengan pelawaan IkmalRakan-rakan Ayuni hanya tersenyum melihat gelagat Ikmaldan Ayuni yang seolah-olah seperti sepasang kekasihKe mana saja mereka pergi pastiberduasehinggakan ada yang menganggap mereka ni benar-benar sedang bercinta Ikmal dan Ayuni sedang khusyuk membuat kerja sekolah mereka apabilamereka didatangi oleh SyamsulKedatangan Syamsul sememangnya amat memeranjatkankerana selama ini pemuda itu begitu liat untuk menjejakkan kakinya ke perpustakaan “Haiapa mimpinya kau datang ke siniSyam”tanya Ikmal “Tak ada apa-apaAku cuma nak ‘join’ korangTak boleh ke”Syamsul mengambil tempat disebelah IkmalAyuni yang duduk didepan mereka hanya melemparkan senyuman kecil sambil tangannya ligat membuat kerja Syamsul membelek satu-persatu helaian buku yang dipinjamnya dariperpustakaan itusambil sesekali matanya melirik ke arah kedua-dua sahabatnya itu yangsedang sibuk berbincang mengenai pelajaranMulalah timbulnya satu perasaan cemburu dari sudut hati SyamsulDia bergegas bangun dari tempat duduknya sambil berlalupergimeninggalkan kedua-dua sahabatnya itu?????????????????????????????????????????????????? Syamsul hanya memerhatikan Ikmal yang sedang khusyuk berdoaSesekalidia melemparkan pandangannya ke arah gambar Ayuni yang tertampal kemas di sudutmeja tulis IkmalWajah gadis itu sungguh suci dan cantikMemang secocok dengan Ikmalyang bukan kacak malah budimanKotak-kotak memori Ikmal berpusingligatmengingatkan kembali kisah silamnya Semasa berada di tingkatan limadia bercinta dengan Nadiaseorang gadiskaya yang begitu bersosialSetiap hari Syamsul dan Nadia pasti akan berjumpaMerekaakan berpeleseran di bandartengok wayang dan melepak di pusat membeli-belahSyamsul sering tidak menyiapkan kerja sekolahnya dan selalu didenda keranapulang lewat ke asramaKisah cintanya bersama Nadia telah mendapat perhatian darisemua pelajar dan guru-guru sehinggakan mereka sering dikutuk kerana bercinta di alampersekolahan Suatu hariSyamsul dan Nadia telah ditangkap oleh guru disiplin kerana berdua-duaan di belakang bangunan sekolahAkibat perbuatan mereka ituSyamsul dan Nadia digantung sekolah selama sebulanNadia memutuskan hubungan dengan Syamsulselepas kejadian itu Syamsul mula jatuh hati pada Sofea ketika berada di tingkatan 6Gadis yang berkulit cerah dan lemah-lembut itu telah berjaya memikat hati SyamsulTapidisebabkan sikap Syamsul yang nakalsuka merokok dan selalu ponteng kelas telah menyebabkan dia tidak disukai oleh rakan-rakan sekelasnyaJaditidak hairanlah kalau siSofea sanggup menolak cinta Syamsul “Haitermenung lagiCakap dah insaf”lamunan Syamsul terhenti apabilaIkmal yang baru saja selesai sembahyang menegurnyaSyamsul hanya tersenyum kelat “Aku cemburu pada kauIkmal”kata Syamsul “Kenapa pula” “Kau sungguh bertuah sebab kau dapat memiliki gadis yang kau sukaTakada siapa pun yang menentang hubungan kamu berdua”Syamsul meluahkan perasaanyang terbuku dihatinyaIkmal tergelak besar mendengar kata-kata SyamsulSyamsulkehairanan melihat telatah Ikmal yang tiba-tiba saja tergelak macam orang hilang akal “SyamSyamAku dan Ayuni bukannya bercinta betul-betulKami main-main je”ujar Ikmal sambil menahan tawaPerutnya bagai nak pecah apabila dia tidak dapat menahan dirinya dari terus ketawa “Apa maksud kauSemua rakan-rakan kita dah tahu yang kau dan AyunibercintaMalahkamu berdua amat rapat”Syamsul cuba mendapatkan kepastian “Memanglah kami rapatTapi kami memang tak bercintaKamu semuayang salah faham”kata Ikmal ”Kemudian dia menyambung “Macam ni?kau pun tahu yang aku ni lemah dalam SejarahAyuni pula lemah dalam Bahasa InggerisJadiuntukmemperbaiki kelemahan masing-masingkami sering membuat ‘study group’ bersama-samaKamu ingat kami bercintaJadi kami berpura-puralah bercintaKami nak main-mainkan kamu je”jelas Ikmal dengan panjang lebarMelopong mulut Syamsulmendengar penjelasan Ikmal “Kalau ‘study group’kenapa dua orang je”Syamsul masih tidak berpuashati dengan penjelasan Ikmal “Sajadua orang lagi bagusKalau ramai-ramai nanti bukannya jadi ‘studygroup’tapi jadi kelas berborak” “Jadi?selama ni kami salah fahamlah yeBerani kau mempermainkankami semua”Syamsul dan Ikmal saling tersenyum “Emm?sebenarnyaSyamBercinta di alam persekolahan tak bagusNantikita sendiri yang akan kecundangMasa masih panjangSuatu hari nantikita semua akan merasa apa yang kita inginkanTuhan sudah menetapkan jodoh masing-masingKita cuma perlu tunggu masa yang sesuai saja untuk menikmatinya”nasihatIkmal bagaikan seorang ustaz Syamsul mengangguk kecilakur dengan kata-kata IkmalSebenarnya dia sendiri sedia maklum tentang hal ituTapinafsu remajanya telah menghalang mindanyadaripada berfikir secara rasional “Ikmalboleh aku join study group kau”tanya SyamsulIkmal tersentak dengan pertanyaan SyamsulIkmal hanya mampu mengangguk kecil “Baikmari kita mulakan”Syamsul mencapai buku rujukannya lalu berjalanmegah ke bilik ‘study’ sambil diekori oleh Ikmal yang masih terpinga-pinga dengankelakuan sahabatnya itu “Betul ke Syamsul dah berubahKalau dia hanya main-main saja macammana”desis hati kecil Ikmal Ayuni terkejut apabila melihat kelibat Syamsul dalam bilik ‘study’ituSyamsul juga terperanjat besar apabila melihat wajah Sofea muncul bersama-samaAyuni “Sebenarnya?Sofea nak join ‘study group’ kita”ujar Ayuni tanpa disoalIkmal hanya mengangguk kecil sambil melemparkan pandangannya ke arah Syamsulyang masih memerhatikan Sofea “Baguslah tuSyamsul pun nak ‘join’ sekaliMarilahkita sama-sama belajardan sama-sama berjaya”kata IkmalSyamsul hanya melemparkan senyuman kecil kepadaSofeaSofea membalasnya dengan tersipu malu “Emm?maaf yeKita ke sini nak ‘study’ untuk STPMbukannya nak‘study’ untuk berkasih-kasihan”perli IkmalRakan-rakannya tergelak besar mendengarkata-kata Ikmalp/s: ni adalah cerpen pertama sayasoryagak skema ckt cite nicz bru bjinak2 dlm dnia penulisan plez support mek… please??????. 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?? apa kau sibuk ha? Suka hati akulah Siapa kau nak larang-larang aku?? tinggi suaraku menengkingnya?? aku sahabat kau Dan aku berhak untuk larang kau?? Firdaus membalas kata-kataku Aku terkeduYa itulah kata-katanya Sering mengatakan bahawa aku sahabatnya Tiba-tiba Bob mencela?? weyh brother Kau tak payahlah nak masuk campur urusan kami Kau tu pergi duduk rumah baca buku lebih baik?? rakan-rakanku mentertawakan Firdaus Namun wajahnya tiada perubahan Masih mengharapkan aku meninggalkan dan mematikan niatkuTiba-tiba kedengaran siren polis memecah kegentingan pada malam itu Kami bagai cacing kepanasan Bob mengarahkan kami untuk bertindak pantas meninggalkan tempat itu Namun sayang Pihak polis lebih tangkas dan telah pun mengepung kami dari setiap sudutTanganku digari begitu juga rakan-rakanku yang lain Rancangan kami pada malam itu mati begitu sahaja Aku merenung Firdaus Firdaus berwajah suram Benar-benar dia kelihatan hampa denganku Dari situ aku dapat melihat ketulusannya sebagai seorang sahabt Ya sahabatkuTiba-tiba seorang pegawai polis merangkul bahunya Dan disampingnya ada seorang gadis Gadis itu merenungku?? ah Lia Mengapa dia disini?? hatiku bertanya ?? dan mengapa polis itu Adakah. argh dia menjadi dalang kepada semua ini?? aku gamamkepercayaanku kepadanya lupus Aku menunduk?? Qayyum awak masih ada kesempatan untuk berubah?? satu suara membuatkan aku mendongak Lia berdiri di hadapanku dan merenungku Kelihatan air matanya bertakung di kelopak matanyadan tidak semena-mena ia tumpah Jernih membasahi pipi gebu si gadis?? kenapa kaupeduli pada aku Kenapa kaudatang sini Kau Cuma nak malukan aku saja bukan?? aku berkata dengan suara yang perlahanaku tidak lagi memandangnya Hatiku cukup sakit?? mengapa awak berkata sedemikian Saya di sini kerana saya prihatin Kerana awak sahabat saya?? jawabnya lantas meninggalkanku dengan juraian air mata Aku dibawa ke balai polis bersama rakan-rakanku dengan lori Motor-motor kami disitaSepanjang malam mataku tidak mahu tidur Sedangkan rakan-rakanku telah pun syahid walau di dalam sel Aku duduk termangu Sehingga ke pagi Memikirkan apa sebenarnya yang terjadi kepadaku?? aku tak faham semua ni Argh?? aku merangkul kepalaku Air mataku merembes Pipiku basah Aku menyesal?? Amirul Qayyum Dato?? Jasmin Anda dibenarkan keluar?? tiba-tiba namaku disebut Aku tersentak Seorang pegawai polis lelaki membuka pintu sel di mana mereka menempatkan aku Aku bangun dengan longlai?? siapakah yang menjaminku Papa Mama Sudah tentu mati aku dikerjakan?? bisik hati kecilku Setelah segala urusan selesai aku keluar Namun bukanlah wajah Papaku dan juga bukanlah wajah Mamaku Tetapi seorang pegawai polis dan dia Firdaus?? ini peringatan bagi kamu Saya melepaskan kamu kerana Firdaus meminta untuk saya menjamin kamu?? pegawai polis yang bertubuh sasa itu menyentuh bahukuFirdaus masih lagi tunduk Aku mendekatinya Dan dia menatapku?? terima kasih sahabat?? entah mengapa aku ingin mengucapkan itu Hatiku sayu Firdaus tersenyum lantas merangkulku Sungguh erat Hatiku menjadi sayu Ya itulah ertinya sahabat yang mulai aku pelajari daripadanya?? maafkan aku Aku minta pada ayahku agar menyerbu pasukan kau Tapi tatkala aku ingin bertemu kau di rumah ternyata kata bibik kau keluar dan. seorang yang hidup dalam dunia perlumbaan sebegini disuruh dan diarahkan agar tidak menyertai kumpulan itu lagi. Bengkak aku tengok. Saya dengar awak dari KL kan.??ULTIMATE TIDAK AKAN BERPECAH- PARK JAE YOUNG??Ultimate adalah sebuah kumpulan penyanyi idol dibawah Syarikat pengurusan Ahn entertainment yang memulakan karier nyanyian mereka kira-kira 3 tahun lalu. Tapi,nyape nih.Sudahlah,” kata Izzah lalu merehatkan badannya di sebuah bangku bersama Aishah.” terdengar suara Aishah di balik pintu biliknya.
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” Seman mengangguk. Aku tak pernah jumpa manusia macam tu, perompak itu berjaya di tangkap. Aku hanya nak balik, Untung betul Mila dapat boyfriend macam kau ni,”. Imran bijak menukar topik. Minggu ini Imran dan Yasmin sudahpun memohon cuti seminggu untuk bercuti pulang ke kampung memandangkan hampir 3 bulan mereka tidak menemui ibubapa tercinta. “Miss rusty, All of a sudden.Mari mana pernah bercinta. Tapi dia tahu, Sedikit sebanyak dapat juga merehatkan badan setelah sepanjang minggu sibuk dengan aktiviti kelas. Saat aku memandangnya ternyata dia begitu bersahaja memandangku. dia cair. Auntie harap sangat. DIA tidak akan mengecewakan dirimu. belum tiba masanya, ustazah. bukan Shazana!
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Belum ada kemasukan\”. kan? Buatnya dia sembur aku lepas ni? Mega mencampakkan surat tawaran universiti yang diterimanya sebentar tadi. Namun.“Okaylah. aku chow dulu. I sentiasa cuba melarikan diri dari Daimy. dan menerima awak dalam hidup saya bukanlah satu pilihan yang bijak Sampai bila-bila pun saya tak dapat larikan diri Please leave Both of you Leave” Daimy masih berdiri tenang sambil merenung Helena Zahra Dan Zarish pula masih tidak mahu berganjak “Okay. Allah lebih sayangkan dia. terlihat tunggul kayu di tepi jalan,“sejak bila pula aku ni jadi makwe kau?layak ke aku ni dengan kau…. Buat pengetahuanmu, Seorang tentera Islam perlu melawan dengan sekurang-kurangnya 67 orang musuh. Malah sikap Khairul juga berubah dari seorang yang penyayang kepada seorang yang panas baran.”2 malam selepas itu Alees telah membawa Khairul berjumpa dengan keluarganya.
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Apa ni Sahar.?” ujar kak Bibi separuh menjerit“Haa.yang kau sibuk apasal?tak ada kena-mengena dengan kau pun.” naila terenyum.naila kalih belakang pandang nabil. plz, sayang lupa eh? Aku mohon?? Encik Hamdan sudah berkali-kali mengatakan yang itu takdir Allah S.” katanya dengan nada tegas untuk menegak kan kebenaranabby : “Tapi saya tak tahu pon , aku dah kepenatan lepas berlatih aku menunggu rizal dibahan pokok tempat member2 aku yang lain dok lepak… tiba2 ada la hamba allah ni menegur ku. huh kacau tul bosan baru nak lepak” hey abby lama tak jumpa sombong ye ko sekarang” kata seorang lelaki yang pernah menyakitkan hati ku dulu iaitu fahmy kekasih ku di tingkatan 1 dulu bak kata orang cinta monyet / babunabby : “hemm.” Mira buat muka manja.
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Now until the very end of time.jangan lepak dekat kedai Pak Abu tu,’ kutuk Daus dalam hati. Pandangan Naim naik ke muka Makcik Sopiah.Teringat cerita butang merahnya bila menyentuh tentang jodoh.” Ujar aku separuh sebak. lantas mencalit minyak wangi di lengan baju kiri dan kananku. Umar.”, di tutup dan di simpan di rak yang tersedia.
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’Raihana berhenti dan berpaling menghadap Rizal.Aku orang first yang hantar.tenuk. Kemudian Encik Mahadi berkalih pula memandang wajah aku dan Encik Adam Yusuf silih berganti. Lagak seperti lari 100meter saja mengahnya. Ah,” namanya dilaung oleh kerani di situ. jantung kau berdenyut laju sampai aku dapat dengar,” “Habis tu,Pukul 7.
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menyanyi dan menari sakan mereka berdua. resah keseorangan aku menadah impian…” Nyanyian tidak seberapa itu diiringan tiga penyanyi latar hebat.Bab 4 “Mia,abang?? ” Shushhh”, Sesekali mata disorot ke pintu utama. Sayu. Dia duduk di kerusi plastik berhadapan dengan meja belajarnya di dalam bilik. kau tak nak beli apa-apa ke?aku masih dibayangi gambaran lelaki itu.memang sah dia lah orang aku rindui selama ni.“Mira rasa bintang yang mana macam abang. memikirkan yang terbaik.sayang.”teriak daddy telah memecahkan suasana sepi di pagi hari.”Fatheen ditinggalkan keseorangan.“Partner?“Fatin.
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seorang duda tiada anak yang tinggal di hujung kampung kami.??Along tahulah abang, hasil tanaman itu membantu mereka. Aku cuba menepisnya jauh-jauh. Aku sememangnya peramah dengan orang yang rapat denganku.” Tangannya dilambaikan di hadapan muka Aqiel. Nanti kalau awak pula yang demam.” Nurul.
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Jalan ku juga dua kaki, tetapi diam ku kerana aku belum mampu memperkenalkan insan itu. Mendapat purata nilai gred sebanyak 4.Zhariff inikah suami Rissa?“Dia tak makan ke? tapi dia pun called. Kebetulan sepupu Syafiella bercuti pada hari yang sama, Katanya setelah duduk semeja dengan Andy.Aryana mula aktif di laman social untuk memenuhi masa terluangnya di pejabat, Kucupan demi kucupan berahi dan pelukan erat hampir membuat kedua-duanya kecundang di bawa arus dosa namun kekuatan iman Saiful akhirnya menyedarkan dirinya dari terus melakukan semua dosa itu.
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Hanif juga berpindah ke ibu kota.susah betul ke nak faham apa yang ummi cakap? bumi yang di pijak seakan bergoyang.” Gurau Harith.menangkap?? Dia mengerling jam di pergelangan tangan. Dah pukul 7. Yana hanya mengangguk.Dia tersungkur.
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meluahkan perasaan kepada buah hati orang. Naim tersenyum. Aku menuju ke stor dan mengambil baldi. tolong…” Dira tersentak. Kau ada tempat mengadu. Entah mengapa, Sekolah menengah. Ia lari sekuat-kuat hati.”Datuk Dr. baki jahitan manik lagi beberapa bahagian yang belum di jahit.
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kawan-kawan? Kami telah bersalah wahai Utusan Rahmat, Dah lah aku p tiru ayat dia .????A??a ??.“Di mana? Habis tu, biarpun dia isteri orang”“No, Selesai solat Zuhur dia membli sebotol air mineral dengan sebungkus coklat Chip More dan terus memacu Lambo Jurney sekira-kira dapat mengejar kereta Proton Wajar Hitam NAJ 3133 dalam tempaoh setengah jam. Nanti keburu layu,Aku ingat betul suasana hari itu.
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Hanya Allah sahaja yang tahu akan perasaan maa ketika ini. Atau emy hanya mahu mempermainkan hati dan perasaannya sahaja? Luka itu tidak aku rasai kesakitannya, Basuh baju.” Alhamdulillah, Kau ni makin jelitalah Lin.
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”Hana berpura-pura merajuk. Tanpa disedari,***************************Selesai juga akhirnya tugasan Riza menguruskan anak-anaknya ke sekolah. Hatinya memang mengasihi Riza.” tanya Hairi lagi.” jawab ku cuba menyembunyikan kekalutan ku. berkulit cerah,setiausaha sulit kepada setiausaha MPP?? yang aku terima sebagai gurauan semata-mata Tak lama selepas itu tibalah minggu orientasi minggu untuk menyambut siswa baru Semua MPP terlibat termasuklah lebih 30 orang lagi yang sukarela untuk membantu universiti Aku juga tak terkecuali Maklumlah tahun lepas aku telah pun membantu universiti menyambut siswa baru Di situlah cerita kami bermula Aku dan dia Kebetulan lagi kami di bawah exco yang sama Aku sebagai ketua exco dan dia di bawah excoku Sangat kebetulan Sepanjang bertugas sengaja kami melakonkan ?drama cinta sebabak? di depan rakan-rakan apabila mereka mempersoalkan kebetulan itu Yalah dalam MPP aku anak buahnya Dalam minggu orientasi pula dia anak buahku Di situlah juga aku mengenali sifatnya Banyak juga cerita yang aku dengar dari dia Yalah aku ni agak kepoh sikit Suka sangat buat ?open table? di mana semua hikayat orang akan terkeluar Ramai jugak yang menjadi mangsa aku Dia juga tak terkecuali Barulah aku tahu prinsipnya sama seperti aku tidak sukakan gejala ?couple?.sejak bile dyra rajin bagi hadiah kat orang ni.yaya pown satu.
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Jergahan itu nyata memeranjatkan Syahirah. Hm, Cik ada masalah ke? pergi mengadu sangat kat mak aku.“Adui.sakit la Ijal. Kejam betul! Hate him! Sehinggakan terbahak-bahak,Pintu dibuka,“Ahh. Ok lah Siapa lah gerangan bertuah yang dapat kau Diana Sofya Hahaha.
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The Minotaur rocket appeared low on the horizon from Plymouth, Mass. Credit: Ryan Smith

Posted: April 21, 2006The mobile service tower is retracted from around the Boeing Delta 2 rocket in the final hours before the planned launch of the CALIPSO and CloudSat spacecraft for NASA.Photos by Willam Hartenstein/Aviation Week Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Photo gallery: Preps for Delta 4 launch of DMSP F17The Boeing Delta 4 rocket stands atop Vandenberg Air Force Base’s Space Launch Complex 6 awaiting liftoff of the DMSP F17 weather satellite. Photo credit: Gene Blevins/LA Daily News Photo credit: Gene Blevins/LA Daily News Photo credit: Photo credit: Photo credit: Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Photo gallery: Preps for first West Coast launch of Delta 4The Boeing Delta 4 rocket stands atop Vandenberg Air Force Base’s Space Launch Complex 6 awaiting its planned June 27 liftoff.Photo credit: Gene Blevins/LA Daily News Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Probe launched to smack heart of wandering comet SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: January 12, 2005CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Look out Comet Tempel 1, here comes Deep Impact!A washing machine-sized projectile tucked inside its mothership spacecraft launched from Earth today on a 268-million-mile collision course that promises to create spectacular July Fourth fireworks when the 820-pound copper-tipped bullet smashes into the comet’s frigid heart. The Deep Impact blasts off atop a Boeing Delta 2 rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida. Credit: Boeing photo by Carleton BailieComets are wandering cosmic time capsules preserving 4.5-billion-year-old primordial material that holds the chemical records of the solar system’s creation. Deep Impact’s violent rendezvous with Tempel 1 is designed to burst through the crust coating the comet’s nucleus, form a stadium-sized crater and offer an unprecedented glimpse at ancient ices packed beneath the surface.”What we see coming out of comets as gas and dust is stuff that has been modified because it is very near the surface, and every time the comet goes around the sun the surface gets heated. So there have been changes in the surface layers… What I really want to do is figure out how different the surface is from what’s inside,” said Michael A’Hearn, astronomer from the University of Maryland and the Deep Impact principal investigator.The pristine building blocks buried inside these rocky snowballs will tell astronomers what conditions were like when the solar system was spawning planets. Uncovering the compositional fingerprints of comets has become a priority for scientists because these objects peppered the young Earth, possibly delivering the organic materials needed for the rise of life, the water for our oceans and even playing a role in generating the atmosphere.”Deep Impact is a bold, innovative and exciting mission which will attempt something never done before to try to uncover clues about our own origins,” said Andy Dantzler, acting director of the Solar System Division at NASA Headquarters.”Why understand comets? Why study comets at all? Comets are the most primitive bodies in our solar system and they are made up of the very material from which all of the planets and the sun, in fact, are made.” An artist’s concept shows the Deep Impact projectile hitting the comet while the mothership flies past. Credit: NASAPast spacecraft have flown close to comets, but Deep Impact will be the first to reach and out touch one.”We’re really excited about this mission,” said Rick Grammier, Deep Impact project manager at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. “We’re doing something that’s never been done before, we’re actually going to go smash a big piece of copper into a comet nucleus and see what happens and see what’s inside.”About 24 hours before arriving at the comet, the explosive bolts holding the projectile within the Deep Impact mothership will detonate and the impactor spring-ejects for its cruise to collision. Both craft were built by Ball Aerospace.The impactor, a stubby-nosed bullet about two-and-a-half feet tall and three feet in diameter, sports a manhole cover-sized disc of copper with even more copper mass behind it to penetrate as deep into the comet as possible. A quarter of the impactor’s launch weight is copper.”We don’t know what comets are made of, we don’t know how strong they are. They could be weak and fluffy like a bowl of corn flakes, it could be like a concrete sidewalk that we are hitting. Part of the challenge in the design of the impactor was to take into account either possibility,” Jay Melosh, Deep Impact co-investigator. The Delta rocket soars away from Earth. Credit: Boeing photo by Carleton BailieDeep Impact began its voyage atop a Boeing Delta 2 rocket, blasting off at 1:47:08 p.m. EST (1847:08 GMT) from pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.The three-stage booster took an eastward heading, achieving an initial parking orbit around Earth less than 10 minutes after launch. Another engine firing nudged the rocket higher, and then the solid-fueled third stage motor propelled the spacecraft out of Earth orbit to cap the 34-minute launch sequence.”We had a perfect launch,” NASA launch manager Omar Baez said.But an overly conservative setting for a temperature gauge put the Deep Impact spacecraft into a protective safe-mode soon after separating from the Delta rocket. The parameter can be adjusted and engineers were optimistic Deep Impact would return to normal operating conditions within the next 24 hours.Today Comet Tempel 1 is about 160 million miles away in the asteroid belt on the inbound route of its orbit around the sun. It remains in a quiet state but that won’t last much longer.”The comet will be active when we encounter it. It’ll be as close to the sun as it ever gets, it will be boiling gas and dust off and we have to go through that before we can strike the comet,” Melosh said.Starting two months before the encounter, Deep Impact commences its science observations in earnest, painting a picture of what the spacecraft should expect at arrival and giving ample time to change the approach strategy if necessary. Specifically, mission planners want to pin down how the comet nucleus rotates and examine the jets of gas and dust streaming away from Tempel 1.Discovered on April 3, 1867 by Ernst Wilhelm Leberecht Tempel in Marseilles, France, Comet 9P/Tempel 1 currently circles the sun every 5.5 years. Its orbit lies between Mars and Jupiter, providing the Deep Impact mission a perfect target for reaching with a modest launch vehicle, striking at high speed and being visible from Earth at impact. The Deep Impact mothership releases its copper laden impactor at Comet Tempel 1. Credit: NASA/JPLThe exact size and shape of the comet’s nucleus is unclear from observations made to date. It is thought to be elongated and 3.7 miles in diameter. How Tempel 1 will react to the impact is also a mystery, but scientists do not believe the comet will shatter apart.”It has turned out that the physics of how the impact occurs is also a large unknown because we know so little about fragility or strength of the cometary nuclei generally. We certainly know nothing about this particular comet,” A’Hearn said.”There is an outside chance that we could break the comet. We don’t think that will happen… We don’t think that the comet can propagate a shockwave through from one side to the other so that you can break it because we don’t think it’s that strong and cohesive everywhere.”The impactor is equipped with an autonomous navigation computer, cameras and a propulsion system to guide itself toward a suitable impact point that is well lit. After releasing the impactor, the mothership performs an evasive maneuver, plotting a trajectory to fly past the comet shortly after the impact.”Early images from the impactor are mainly for navigation… to make sure that it hits in an illuminated area and not in a dark area. As we get closer, those images become important for science because as we get closer and closer we will get higher and higher spatial resolution. We will directly see the change in texture as you change spatial scale. Assuming the camera on the impactor survives until very shortly before impact, these will be the highest resolution pictures ever of a cometary nucleus, much higher than we will get from the flyby [spacecraft],” A’Hearn said. The Deep Impact spacecraft is seen packaged atop the Delta rocket as the nose cone is installed during in the final days before liftoff. Credit: NASA-KSCSophisticated instruments on the mothership will record the blast and peer into a crater that is formed. Meanwhile, observatories around the globe, plus the Hubble, Chandra and Spitzer space telescopes, will be watching the aftermath to collect crucial information about the dusts and gases blown out of Tempel 1.Sky watchers in the western U.S., Hawaii, New Zealand, eastern Australia and the South Pacific could be able to see the impact, which happens 83 million miles away from Earth around 2 a.m. EST (0600 GMT) July 4.”We expect to provide some great fireworks for all our observatories,” said Karen Meech, Deep Impact co-Investigator at the Institute for Astronomy in Hilo, Hawaii “That’s exciting, to do it on July Fourth.”The flyby craft will be using its spectrometer to identify and quantify the materials across the comet’s dust- and gas-filled coma head and taking images in a wide variety of different colors. Since the nucleus is believed to have a 41-hour rotational period, less than half will be seen at good resolution.”Shortly before the time of impact, the flyby spacecraft determines how fast it is having to rotate to keep the high-resolution camera pointed at the nucleus. It uses that to calculate when it will be at closest approach and then knowing the difference velocity, when the impactor will impact. It sends that information up to the impactor so the impactor can optimize the imaging sequence at the expected time of impact. Flyby uses it internally, also, to optimize the imaging sequence for the time of closest approach,” A’Hearn said.Information from both craft is fed back to Earth in real-time in case comet shrapnel fatally wounds the mothership during the encounter. An artist’s concept shows the Deep Impact impactor as it reaches Comet Tempel 1. Credit: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.The impactor and comet collide at 23,000 mph, releasing the energy equivalent of 4.5 tons of exploding TNT.”We put the impactor in the comet’s path so that the comet overtakes it. So it is like standing in the middle of the road with semi truck bearing down on you,” Grammier said.The intense forces vaporize the projectile as the circular crater — perhaps 300 feet in diameter and 100 feet deep — is rapidly excavated.”We expect it could put a crater about the size of a house up to the size of a football stadium and it could be anywhere from seven to 14 stories deep.”As a result of forming the crater, it will throw out a bunch of the surface and interior material that is displaced. It will come up in a big cloud that will reflect the sunlight. So you will see a large brightening, and you will see that brightening from telescopes on Earth as well. Then you will see it slowly dissipate as the material either settles back down onto the comet itself or becomes part of its coma dust cloud. What we are hoping to see to from the flyby spacecraft viewpoint is being able to look all the way down into the interior of the crater and determine what its materials are made of,” Grammier continued.”Since these are the original remnants of the solar system formation, not knowing how the exterior of a comet relates to interior, what we are hoping to do is expose all of that fresh material and see the material that was actually present at the formation of the solar system.””By understanding and watching how this crater develops, and then fine-tuning our computer models to reproduce what is actually observed, we can determine how the comet is put together,” added Don Yeomans, Deep Impact project scientist from the Jet Propulsion Lab.The impact occurs with the mothership 5,400 miles away and closing fast. The medium-resolution camera will be taking pictures as swiftly as possible to capture the moment of impact. “We are hoping to catch a bright flash that will last less than a second by taking four or eight frames per second,” A’Hearn said. The high-resolution camera snaps pictures at a slower pace. The mothership’s high-resolution telescope (right) and medium-resolution package (left) are seen here in assembly and testing. Credit: NASAScientists expect the materials thrown out of the freshly bored hole will settle within a few minutes, permitting good visibility into the crater. The mothership has less than 14 minutes to make its observations while zooming toward the comet before passing by Tempel 1 at a distance of 300 miles. The craft enters a “shield mode” to protect itself from the powerful sandblasting during flight through the coma at closest approach.”Our baseline is it will take 200 seconds to form the crater, but uncertainties in the density of the nucleus – something that we just don’t know – the crater could take as long as 600 seconds to form. This was one of our mission design problems, making sure we had long enough interval to observe so that we make sure the crater finished forming before we flew by but keeping the interval small enough that we weren’t so far away at the time of impact that we had no resolution. This what led us to the 800-second window between impact and the going into our shield mode through the innermost coma,” A’Hearn said.”The biggest uncertainty in the mission is what the phenomena will be at the time of impact. And that is because there are many different ideas in the scientific community about the nature of the cometary nucleus.”There are some people in the community who think the nuclei are strong and that we will have an ejecta cone that leaves the nucleus entirely. We think the cone will stay attached to the nucleus and the crater will be controlled by gravity.”Other people think we will fracture the nucleus into several pieces, other people think we may just compress material downward and not eject anything outward, or almost nothing outward,” A’Hearn said. “It is this uncertainty in the predictions, or the wide range of predictions, that makes it particularly important to do this conceptually very simple experiment.” An artist’s concept shows the Deep Impact mothership watching the impactor smash into Comet Tempel 1. Credit: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.Deep Impact has just one shot at grabbing scientific data on the primordial material packed inside the comet.”We do maps across the nucleus after the impact to try and get spectra of the crater floor, see how different it is from the neighboring terrain that is undisturbed,” A’Hearn said. “We take some spectra off the limb to look at the gases that are coming out of the crater. As we get very close, we actually have to let the camera drift a little and take a couple of images to make sure we get crater in the high-resolution camera.”What might the craft see down in the crater?”My guess is if we excavate more deeply, we will see more carbondioxide and carbon monoxide, dry ice vaporizing instead of water icevaporizing,” A’Hearn said. “The more volatile ices have been depleted in thesurface layers. That’s the kind of signature that we’re looking for, to seehow that composition changes.”About 50 seconds before closest approach, the flyby craft orients itself with protective shielding guarding against a destructive hit by comet dust.”We’ve designed extra shielding on certain parts of the spacecraft. So when I say it turns to shield mode, what that means is it actually places those shields in the direction of the cometary dust and debris. That is meant to protect the spacecraft itself from any particle hits. That shielding was designed based on what we know today of probable particle sizes, distribution and density at that distance from the comet,” Grammier said.Despite the added protection, the mothership will be relaying its pictures and information to Earth live in case the craft doesn’t survive the encounter to tell the tale afterward.”There are worries, that is why we are transmitting as much as we can in real-time, as much as the communications system will allow us to,” A’Hearn said. “The engineers have predicted that the probability of a fatal hit is down at the one or a couple percent level, given the amount of shielding we have.”Once through the dangerous region, the departing mothership maneuvers to observe the comet’s back side a quarter-hour after closest approach.”We fly through the innermost coma, fly through the orbital plane and then turn around and look back… to take images of the other side. When we take pictures of the other side, the crater itself will be hidden, but we will still be looking to see if we can see ejecta from the crater. A likely scenario is that after we make the crater, there will be a lot spontaneous outgasing from the floor of the crater because there is very volatile ice near the surface that used to be buried deeply. There is a reasonable chance that we would see a new jet in the coma coming from the crater – and we would see it where it comes out from behind the limb of the nucleus,” A’Hearn said.”We also use these look-back images to figure out the three-dimensional shape of the nucleus since we don’t get to see a full rotation. We do the look-back monitoring for up to a day after impact.” Deep Impact launches in January and slams its impactor into Comet Tempel 1 in July. Graphic: Mark McLellan/Astronomy NowGround-based telescopes in Hawaii will have prime viewing with the comet high in the sky at the time of impact, while the southwestern U.S. and Baja California will have Tempel 1 low in the sky. But a global campaign is underway to provide thorough monitoring of the comet before and after the collision with special imaging techniques.”We may create this new jet that may persist for hours or days or weeks or even months. So we are looking for observations afterwards,” A’Hearn said.”We are trying to get complete longitude coverage so we can monitor the comet continuously from something like four days before the impact – two rotation periods – until a week after the impact.””At the time of encounter, we may be able to see a bright flash of light momentarily,” Meech said. “But the main part that we’re going to be looking for from the ground will be some of the long-term effects. For example, as the dust from this newly excavated crater starts to flow away from the comet, it will take many days to spread…and form a nice dust tail.”Ground-based observations with a wide-angle field of view can best watch the tail develop. In addition, we will get to look at wavelength regions we won’t have on the spacecraft and can look for molecules coming outside from the nucleus, different types of molecules. We’re hoping to see a change in the chemistry after the impact as compared to pre impact.”So there will be a lot of exciting science…at various observatories all over the world,” she said. “Basically, everybody’s going to be able to participate.”The impact will have no detectable influence on the comet’s orbit around the sun, scientists say.”The comet is so large and the spacecraft is so small that it’s sort of like an 18-wheeler running over a gnat,” Yeomans said.The mission follows NASA’s Stardust project that flew past Comet Wild 2 last January, catching dust particles for return to Earth in 2006. The European Rosetta mission is currently flying to Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko where a tiny lander will be dispatched to the frigid nucleus.If the Deep Impact mothership remains in good health, NASA could route the craft to other comets for close-up imaging by the onboard cameras, A’Hearn said.Justin Ray is editor of Spaceflight Now. He is based at Cape Canaveral and has covered the space program since 1995, including 75 Delta rocket launches.Video coverage for subscribers only:VIDEO:DEEP IMPACT BLASTS OFF ATOP DELTA 2 ROCKET VIDEO:LONGER-DURATION MOVIE OF TODAY’S LAUNCH VIDEO:LAUNCH AS SEEN FROM THE CAPE PRESS SITE VIDEO:WIDER-ANGLE LAUNCH VIEW FROM PRESS SITE VIDEO:COCOA BEACH TRACKING CAMERA VIDEO OF LAUNCH VIDEO:TRACKER POSITIONED NORTH OF THE LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:PLAYALINDA BEACH TRACKING CAMERA VIEW VIDEO:CLOSE-UP VIEW OF ENGINE IGNITION VIDEO:MOBILE SERVICE TOWER ROLLED BACK BEFORE DAWN VIDEO:NARRATION OF DEEP IMPACT’S PRE-LAUNCH CAMPAIGN VIDEO:ON-PAD ASSEMBLY OF ROCKET SHOWN WITH NARRATION VIDEO:TUESDAY’S PRE-LAUNCH NEWS UPDATE VIDEO:SCIENCE BRIEFING ON EVE OF LAUNCH VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF NASA’S DEEP IMPACT MISSION VIDEO:LEAD RESEARCHER PREVIEWS DEEP IMPACT SCIENCE VIDEO:WATCH DEEP IMPACT PRE-FLIGHT NEWS BRIEFING Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Probe roars away from Earth on voyage to orbit Mercury BY WILLIAM HARWOOD

Posted: June 19, 2014Editor’s note: All times approximate.T-00:00LiftoffAfter the rocket’s nine Merlin 1D engines pass an automated health check, the Falcon 9 is released from Space Launch Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla.T+01:10Mach 1The Falcon 9 rocket passes the speed of sound. The first stage’s nine Merlin 1D engines produce 1.3 million pounds of thrust at sea level, ramping up to 1.5 million pounds of thrust in vacuum.T+01:18Max QThe Falcon 9 rocket reaches Max Q, the point of maximum aerodynamic pressure.T+02:38MECOMoments after two of the Falcon 9’s first stage engines shut down, the remaining seven Merlin 1D engines cut off.T+02:41Stage 1 SeparationThe Falcon 9’s first stage separates from the second stage three seconds after MECO.T+02:49Stage 2 IgnitionThe second stage Merlin 1D vacuum engine ignites for an approximately 6-minute, 46-second burn to inject the Orbcomm OG2 satellites into orbit. The 5.2-meter (17.1-foot) diameter payload fairing jettisons early in the second stage burn once the Falcon 9 rocket ascends through the dense lower atmosphere. The 43-foot-tall fairing is made of two clamshell-like halves composed of carbon fiber with an aluminum honeycomb core.T+09:35SECOThe second stage Merlin 1D vacuum engine shuts down after reaching orbit an orbit with a high point of 750 kilometers (466 miles), a low point of 615 kilometers (382 miles), and an inclination of 47 degrees.T+14:30Begin Spacecraft SeparationThe six 170-kilogram (375-pound) Orbcomm OG2 satellites begin a programmed deployment sequence from a Moog Inc. payload adapter ring mounted on the second stage of the Falcon 9 rocket. A spacecraft separates from the ring approximately every three minutes until the sequence ends at about T+plus 35 minutes.Data source: SpaceXFinal Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA’s first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Falcon 9 launch timelineSPACEFLIGHT NOW

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: August 3, 2004A Boeing Delta 2 rocket roared to life early Tuesday and climbed into space, launching NASA’s ambitious MESSENGER probe on a round-about six-and-a-half-year voyage to Mercury, a $427 million quest to fill in one of the most glaring blanks in planetary exploration. The Boeing Delta 2 rocket launches at 2:16 a.m. EDT from Cape Canaveral’s pad 17B to deploy NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft for a five-billion mile journey to the planet Mercury. Photo: Carleton Bailie/BoeingLighting up the night sky with a rush of fire, the slender Delta 2 climbed away from its launch stand at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 2:15:56 a.m. EDT (0615:56 GMT), kicking off the first mission to Mercury since Mariner 10 flew past the scorched world three times in 1974 and 1975.MESSENGER, too, will fly past its target three times in 2008 and 2009, collecting a wealth of data, photographing the entire planet and using its gravity to set up a fourth and final encounter in March 2011. But unlike Mariner 10, humanity’s second robotic emissary to Mercury will not end its mission with yet another flyby. Instead, the craft will brake into orbit for a full Earth year of close-up investigation.Among the questions scientists hope to answer:How did Mercury, believed to be 60 percent iron, end up with an oversize core, a thin shell of a crust and the highest density in the solar system? Was its crust blasted away in the distant past by a cataclysmic impact? Was it boiled away in the extreme heat of the young, nearby sun? Or were metals for some reason concentrated in the inner region of the solar nebula that coalesced to form the sun and planets?What is the nature of Mercury’s crust? What elements are present and in what concentrations?Is Mercury’s magnetic field, the only one in the inner solar system similar to Earth’s, the result of a dynamo in the planet’s still-molten outer core or is the core solid and the field “frozen” in place? If the field is active, is it driven by a fluid outer core like Earth’s? Or is the core solid and the field the result of some other process?How does Mercury’s magnetosphere interact with the solar wind and the tenuous, ultra-thin “atmosphere” of the planet? What is the nature of that atmosphere, more properly known as an exosphere, and what are its constituents?Does water ice, the result of comet impacts, exist today in the basins of permanently shadowed craters near the planet’s poles as radar data suggests?Figuring out how Mercury ended up so different from the other three terrestrial planets – Venus, Earth and Mars – will provide valuable insights into how the solar system formed 4.5 billion years ago. It also will help astronomers establish benchmarks for use when studying other solar systems.MESSENGER “is a highly ambitious, highly capable mission that if successful, will orbit Mercury for the first time to help us understand the forces that shaped the planet,” said Orlando Figueroa, director of the solar system exploration division at NASA headquarters.”It will collect images of the entire planet and gather highly detailed information on its geology, the nature of its atmosphere, the magnetosphere, the make up of its core and the character of its pole materials. MESSENGER will enable a new era of comparative planetology providing a new context that links Mars, Earth, Venus and the moon.”To Robert Strom, a member of the Mariner 10 team and a co-investigator with the MESSENGER project, today’s fiery launching marked the end of a frustrating three-decade wait.”Mariner 10 was a mission that designed as a reconnaissance of Mercury in order to characterize it to plan a Mercury orbiter,” he said Saturday. “That orbiter was supposed to be planned and launched by about 1980. Well, it’s been 30 years and until now, nothing has happened.”So now we’ve got not only a mission to Mercury, an orbiter to Mercury, but we have a world-class orbiter of Mercury. This is a super mission, never in my wildest imagination did I think that we would get a spacecraft like this for a Mercury orbiter. It has the instruments on board to answer the questions that were raised by Mariner 10 and its going to do that in spades.”But it won’t be easy. Unlike recent robotic missions to Mars, the Galileo mission to Jupiter and the ongoing Cassini exploration of Saturn, MESSENGER is going the other way, plunging deep into the inferno of the inner solar system. Once in orbit around Mercury, the side of the spacecraft facing the sun will be hotter than a pizza oven.”Cassini and the other orbiters of, say, Mars and Jupiter and Saturn, they’re kind of orbiting paradise compared to (MESSENGER), which is going to orbit hell,” Strom said. “But it’s a very interesting hell.”Running a day late because of heavy cloud cover, Tuesday’s launching went smoothly and MESSENGER was released from its spent third stage 57 minutes after liftoff as the craft sailed 690 miles above the northern coast of Australia. A few minutes later, at 3:29 a.m. EDT (0729 GMT), the probe’s two mirrored solar arrays unfurled as planned to begin recharging the craft’s batteries. Engineers plan to spend the next several days checking out the health of MESSENGER’s instruments and other on-board systems.This was the 60th successful Delta rocket launch in a row dating back to 1997 and the 113th success out of 115 flights since 1989.Using a Delta 2 rocket, NASA could not launch a spacecraft with enough fuel to fly directly to Mercury, deep in the sun’s gravity well, and brake into orbit. While such a three-and-a-half-month flight is possible in theory, it would require an expensive heavy-lift booster and a spacecraft that was 85 percent fuel.Instead, NASA opted for a less-expensive approach using the gravity of Earth, Venus and Mercury itself to provide the braking needed to slow the craft’s plunge into the inner solar system. MESSENGER will fly past Earth on Aug. 1, 2005, twice past Venus in 2006 and 2007 and three times past Mercury in 2008 and 2009.If all goes well, MESSENGER’s main engine will fire for 15 minutes on March 18, 2011, putting the spacecraft into an elliptical orbit tilted 60 degrees to the planet’s equator with a low point of about 125 miles above the northern hemisphere and a high point of 9,420 miles.Equipped with seven miniaturized instruments, including two cameras, four spectrometers, a magnetometer and a laser altimeter, MESSENGER will photograph the entire planet in color and stereo, map its magnetic field, the mineralogy of its crust and probe the nature of its hidden core.A large sunshade covers the side of the spacecraft facing the sun and insulation blankets protect the side facing Mercury from heat radiated from the planet, keeping the instruments and the craft’s electronic systems at room temperature.Scientists can’t wait to fill in the blanks in solar system evolution that Mercury will provide.”The family of the four inner planets – Mars, Venus, Earth and little Mercury – shared a common origin,” said Principal Investigator Sean Solomon of the Carnegie Institution in Washington. “They all formed in the disk of gas and dust, the solar nebula, that surrounded our young sun. They formed by the same processes, they formed at the same time, their outcomes were extremely different. And Mercury is the most extreme of those four planets. Besides being closest to the sun, it’s the most dense, the highest variation of temperature over its surface, it’s of course the smallest of the four.”What we know about Mercury mostly came from Mariner 10, which flew by Mercury three times in 1974 and 1975. Mariner 10 imaged less than half the surface and so there’s an entire hemisphere we’ve never seen. Mariner 10 discovered that little Mercury had a magnetic field and made a number of other discoveries that raised profound questions that we’re trying to address.”One of those questions is how Mercury ended up so dense, so massive for its size,” Solomon continued. “On the basis of that density, Mercury must be at least two thirds iron metal and that’s a much higher fraction of any of the other inner planets. Why did Mercury end up that way?One possibility is that the solar nebula had a chemical gradient for some reason and that at Mercury’s distance from the sun, more metals were present than in regions farther out.”But competing ideas say Mercury started out more like the Earth, with a larger volume of rocky materials surrounding that metal core, but that silicate shell was largely removed, either because it was vaporized by the extremely hot temperatures in the inner solar nebula or it was blasted away by the impact of an object almost Mercury’s size,” Solomon said.All three theories make predictions that MESSENGER will test.”If Mercury formed out of a solar nebula that had a chemical gradient only in the ratio of iron metal to silicates, then the composition of the silicate material at Mercury’s surface should have the major elements in approximately solar proportions,” Solomon said.”If Mercury was once more earth-like in composition but lost most of its silicates as a result of high temperatures because it was bathed in the solar nebula that was very, very hot, the consequences of that would have been vaporization of the upper part of the planet. But different elements vaporize at different temperatures. One would expect under that kind of scenario to see primarily a deficiency of the elements that would tend to vaporize easily and a concentration of what are known as the more refractory elements that tend to stay behind the longest. Those consequences are very different from the chemical gradient scenario.”And if Mercury suffered a catastrophic impact with a body nearly its own size, the crust that remained would have lower silicate concentrations.”We expect to be able to easily distinguish whether any of these competing ideas are correct,” Solomon said. “We may have to discard them all and start over. But it is a nice scientific experiment in this case where we have multiple hypotheses which make different predictions of what we will see.”Closely related to the question of how Mercury ended up with such an oversize core is the issue of its magnetic field.”It is the most Earth-like of the magnetospheres in our solar system,” Solomon said. “The mystery is, why tiny Mercury has retained a magnetic field when larger planets in the inner solar system – Mars and Venus – do not have a global magnetic field today. Is Mercury’s field the result of an Earth-like dynamo mechanism in a fluid outer core? Or is the magnetic field that Mariner 10 measured a fossil?”MESSENGER will answer that question by mapping subtle changes in the planet’s rotation rate as the world swings through its highly elliptical orbit and experiences strong solar tides. The magnitude of that variation is dependent on the nature of the core and by measuring slight changes in a point of longitude on the surface, MESSENGER should be able to answer the question.”If only the silicate shell is solid you get one answer,” Solomon said. “If the entire planet is solid, you get a different answer.”By the end of the mission, he said, “we will be able to know how big the core is, we’ll be able to know … whether there’s a fluid outer core or not and of course, that’s very closely tied to the question of how we account for the magnetic field today.”Another major mystery is the thermal state of the planet. At the equator, sun-side temperatures exceed 800 degrees Fahrenheit while on the darkside, they plunge to more than 300 degrees below zero. That 1,100-degree variation is the most extreme in the solar system.But in permanently shadowed craters near Mercury’s poles, scientists have discovered deposits of radar-reflective materials that could be ice that, if confirmed, would give new meaning to the phrase “a snowball’s chance in hell.””It has been 30 years since we visited Mercury last when Mariner 10 flew by three times, providing a glimpse of this planet of extremes,” said Figueroa. “I’d say we are long overdue for another visit with some permanence to help us unveil the secrets of this planet, the innermost and least understood of the terrestrial planets. Needless to say, we’re incredibly excited.”Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:DELTA 2 ROCKET BLASTS OFF WITH MESSENGER VIDEO:CLOSE-UP VIEW OF MAIN ENGINE IGNITION VIDEO:UMBILICAL TOWER CAMERA VIDEO OF LIFTOFF VIDEO:FIERY BLASTOFF AS CAPTURED BY PAD CAMERA VIDEO:LIFTOFF AS SEEN FROM PLAYALINDA BEACH VIDEO:LAUNCH AS SEEN FROM CAPE’S PRESS SITE 1 VIDEO:COCOA BEACH TRACKING CAMERA LAUNCH VIDEO VIDEO:VIEW FROM ALTERNATE PRESS VIEWING LOCATION VIDEO:POWERFUL TRACKING CAMERA OFFERS THIS ANGLE VIDEO:CLOSE-UP VIEW OF BOOSTER NOZZLES DURING ASCENT VIDEO:POST-FLIGHT INTERVIEW WITH NASA LAUNCH MANAGER VIDEO:SERVICE TOWER ROLLED BACK FOR SECOND COUNTDOWN VIDEO:BAD WEATHER SCRUBS MONDAY’S LAUNCH ATTEMPT VIDEO:WEATHER OFFICER GIVES FORECAST FOR TUESDAY VIDEO:MESSENGER’S LAUNCH CAMPAIGN SHOWN WITH NARRATION VIDEO:DELTA 2 ROCKET IS ASSEMBLED ON THE LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:MOBILE SERVICE TOWER IS ROLLED BACK SUNDAY EVENING VIDEO:SATURDAY’S PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:MESSENGER PRE-LAUNCH SCIENCE BRIEFING VIDEO:WATCH THE MESSENGER OVERVIEW NEWS CONFERENCE Soviet SpaceFor the first time ever available in the West. Rocket & Space Corporation Energia: a complete pictorial history of the Soviet/Russian Space Program from 1946 to the present day all in full color. Available from our store.Choose your store: – – – Viking patchThis embroidered mission patch celebrates NASA’s Viking Project which reached the Red Planet in 1976.Choose your store: – – – Apollo 7 DVDFor 11 days the crew of Apollo 7 fought colds while they put the Apollo spacecraft through a workout, establishing confidence in the machine what would lead directly to the bold decision to send Apollo 8 to the moon just 2 months later. Choose your store: – – – Gemini 12Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program’s efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: – – – STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Gemini 12Gemini 12: The NASA Mission Reports covers the voyage of James Lovell and Buzz Aldrin that capped the Gemini program’s efforts to prove the technologies and techniques that would be needed for the Apollo Moon landings. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: – – – Apollo 12 tribute DVD setNew!Featuring the jovial crew of Pete Conrad, Dick Gordon and Alan Bean, the Apollo 12 mission was struck by lightning shortly after liftoff but proceeded on the second successful exploration voyage to the lunar surface. This three-disc DVD brings the mission to life with extraordinary detail.Choose your store: – – – Fallen Heroes special patchThis special 12-inch embroidered patch commemorates the U.S. astronauts who made the ultimate sacrifice, honoring the crews of Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia.Choose your store: – – – Women in SpaceWomen of Space: Cool Careers on the Final Frontier is for girls, young women, and anyone else interested in learning about exciting careers in space exploration. Includes CD-ROM.Choose your store: – – – Mars rover posterThis new poster features some of the best pictures from NASA’s amazing Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity.Choose your store: | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Return of the workhorse BY SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: June 28, 2014 VANDENBERG AIR FORCE BASE — A quarter-century since its first launch, preparations are underway to end a hiatus and return next Tuesday to the business of launching Delta 2 rockets, if only for a little while longer. The first Delta 2 rocket launched 25 years ago this week. Credit: Air ForceThe United Launch Alliance vehicle debuted on Valentine’s Day 1989, and since then has flown 150 more times over the past 25 years. It has performed successfully a remarkable 149 times, including the last 96 straight launches.But there’s been a gap for the past two years with no flights.The matching of ready payloads with the rocket meant no launches until this summer when the start of the final sendoff to the Delta 2 begins.There’s pieces and parts to build just five more Delta 2 rockets and four of them have been sold to NASA.First up is OCO 2, the replacement Orbiting Carbon Observatory to launch Tuesday from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, exactly 32 months since the most recent Delta 2.A soil monitoring satellite follows in November, then a weather spacecraft in November 2016 and an ice observing craft in late 2017, all launching from California.Attention is turning to this summer’s mission, the hardware is stacked on the launch pad and clocks are counting down the final days before liftoff.For a time, it appeared the Delta 2 would fade into history after carrying a climate and weather observatory into orbit for NASA in October 2011.After the U.S. Air Force transitioned its launches of new Global Positioning System satellites to the Delta 4 and Atlas 5 rockets, the Delta 2 lost its anchor customer.But NASA breathed new life into the rocket two summers ago, purchasing four future flights from an inventory of five remaining Delta 2s.NASA has used the Delta 2 rocket on 50 launches to date, most notably to send the Spirit and Opportunity rovers, the Odyssey orbiter and Phoenix lander to Mars, plus the Stardust and Genesis sample-return spacecraft, MESSENGER to orbit Mercury and the Spitzer infrared space telescope. A Delta 2 rocket at Vandenberg. Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowThe three solid rocket boosters for the OCO 2 mission arrived before the holidays, the second stage shipped in mid-February and the first stage arrived in mid-March.”Delta 2 production restart efforts have gone amazingly well and we’re very pleased with that,” said Tim Dunn, the NASA launch director for OCO 2.Erection of the first stage at the Space Launch Complex 2-West pad occurred on March 28, followed by the solids and then the second stage on April 15.A countdown dress rehearsal was held on May 21. The team then completed a first stage RP-1 fueling and leak test in early June.”I have been amazed at the retention of the appropriate skills and personnel ULA has kept. They have done a wonderful job with personnel to keep Delta 2 viable,” Dunn said.OCO shipped out of its Orbital Sciences factory in Arizona a5t the end of April and went to the Astrotech processing facility at Vandenberg for a month of final processing. It then moved to the launch pad to join the Delta 2 on June 13.The integrated test between the payload and rocket follows on June 17, leading into the fairing installation on June 21.Launch is scheduled for July 1 at 2:56:44 a.m. PDT at the opening of a 30-second window.”It’s exciting, as you can imagine. The entire team is very energized to get back into Delta 2 work,” Dunn said. “The ULA team, everyone has been coming forward, raising hands, from the Denver design center to Decatur production to the launch site, ‘I really want to work that hardware.’ There’s just an electricity among the greater Delta 2 team to get back into launching this vehicle.”The SLC 2-West pad was placed in quasi-caretaker status for a while before going back into normal cycles of maintenance a year before launch. Dunn said all systems are go.The Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 becomes NASA’s environmental satellite dedicated to mapping atmospheric carbon dioxide and man’s impact on Earth.The Delta will insert the observatory into a 438-mile polar orbit to collect about 8 million measurements every 16 days to create maps showing global distribution of carbon dioxide. A Delta 2 launches from Vandenberg. Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowNext will be SMAP, the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite, set to launch on Nov. 5 at 6:16 a.m. PST. Outfitted with a radiometer and synthetic aperture radar, the craft will orbit 423 miles above to Earth make global measurements of soil moisture to improve flood predictions and drought monitoring.Then comes JPSS 1, the first civilian weather observatory in the Joint Polar Satellite System launching in November 2016. The craft will be operated by NOAA in a 512-mile-high orbit to take the planet’s pulse daily for global forecasting, providing the ingredients needed for long-term weather outlooks.And the last currently-scheduled Delta 2 carries ICESat 2 in 2017 to continue work begun by the program’s original spacecraft, which has since been retired after a seven-year mission that monitored the melting Arctic polar ice cap. A Delta 2 launched ICESat 1 in 2003.The Delta 2 will put ICESat 2 into a 373-mile polar orbit where the craft’s multi-beam micropulse laser altimeter will provide precise global ice topography measurements of polar ice sheets and glaciers, study ice thickness and examine sea surface and vegetation heights.There is one final Delta 2 still up for grabs.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA’s first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Mission Briefing – Our story looking at this Delta rocket launch of the GPS 2R-11 satellite. – Chart with times and descriptions of events to occur during the launch. – The latest forecast for launch day conditions. – See the trajectory the rocket will follow during its flight. – Description of the U.S. Air Force’s space-based navigation network. – Overview of the Delta 2 7925-model rocket used to launch GPS satellites. – Illustration of the rocket checkout and assembly at Cape facilities. – The launch complex where Delta rockets fly from Cape Canaveral. – See our coverage of previous Delta rocket flights.Rocket trouble stalls launch of Deep Impact mission SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: December 14, 2004A manufacturing error discovered in a part of the Boeing Delta 2 rocket to launch NASA’s Deep Impact comet striker will force on-pad repairs, further delaying liftoff that must occur during an unflexible one-month window. An artist’s concept shows the Deep Impact mothership watching the impactor smash into Comet Tempel 1. Credit: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.The mission was supposed to blast off December 30 from pad 17B at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. But concerns with the spacecraft’s software postponed the launch to January 8.The latest problem, announced Tuesday, slips the target launch date to January 12 so workers can replace part of the Delta vehicle that will send Deep Impact on its six-month trek to Comet Tempel 1.The probe must launch by January 28 in order to reach this comet, setting up a rendezvous July 4 when the mothership watches a small impactor collide with Tempel 1’s icy heart at 23,000 mph. Scientists want to observe inside the stadium-sized crater formed by the impact to study the pristine materials buried in comets.If Deep Impact misses its launch window — for whatever reason — the spacecraft would be grounded while the mission is re-planned and a new comet is selected, possibly Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann 3. But that comet has a smaller nucleus and dustier environment, making it a much less desirable target compared to Tempel 1, Deep Impact principal investigator Michael A’Hearn said.”If we fail to make it off by the 28th, then we have to look at other possible targets. We’ve done some preliminary work,” A’Hearn said. “There are other targets we can go to, we’ve looked at half a dozen different comets. Each of them is not as good as Tempel 1 in one way or another, which is why we do not want to delay the launch (past January).””I have every confidence that we are going to make it by the 28th. We are well positioned now,” said Rick Grammier, NASA’s Deep Impact project manager. “So I honestly cannot see that we wouldn’t be ready to launch during the launch window that we still have remaining.”The first delay was ordered after concerns were raised during pre-flight software checks.”We were looking through what we call our our parameter reviews, which is where we sit down with the engineers and go through all of the software parameters that we have to make sure they are all set appropriately. And during that review, which is why we do the review, we discovered there were a couple of parameters that were not set the way we expected them to be,” Grammier explained. The spacecraft is being tested at the Astrotech facility near the Cape. Credit: NASA-KSC”So as an extra precaution, I asked for a delay in the launch in order to give us time to go back and re-run some tests that we had already completed. We wanted to go back and make sure the interaction of turning those parameters on did not affect our fault responses that we had already tested and validated. So we needed the extra time to not only run a couple of additional tests but also to review the data from those tests.”Recently, we had another delay due to some launch vehicle issues with an inter-ring. Again, in one of the extra checks that was being done, which is called the review of the engineering paperwork, the Boeing folks discovered that the interstage ring had not had an appropriate heat treatment on a portion of it. Thus, they called an engineering review board and determined that the best thing to do would be to change that piece of the launch vehicle out and replace it with one that had, in fact, done a full check and passed all of its paperwork.”NASA said a Boeing engineer reviewing an “as-built” drawing of the vehicle discovered the interstage had not been heat treated to a revised higher specification. The barrel-shaped interstage is seated atop the first stage and encloses the much of the second stage during the initial minutes of ascent.Boeing has located a replacement piece and started preparing to perform the switch at pad 17B where the rocket is already assembled for launch. To accomplish the replacement, the rocket’s second stage must be detached and removed from the launch pad on Wednesday. That gives access to the interstage for the adapter’s removal Thursday. The new hardware should be installed Friday, followed by the return of the second stage on Saturday.Despite the last-minute glitches that have postponed the launch, Grammier said he was pleased the problems were caught. An artist’s concept shows the Deep Impact mothership watching the impactor smash into Comet Tempel 1. Credit: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp.”I’m very positive on it because it shows that the checks we have implemented and put in place, actually that’s why they are there. They are there to take one last look at things, make sure things are tip-top shape, and they did catch a couple of errors and that makes me feel confident that our system is working.”Deep Impact is undergoing its final testing and preps at the Astrotech facility near the Cape. It will be fueled next week. Delivery to the pad for mating atop the Delta 2 rocket is scheduled for January 3.There will be two instants in time to launch January 12, separated by 40 minutes if weather or technical snags spoil the first shot. Liftoff will be possible at precisely 1:08:20 p.m. EST (1808:20 GMT) and 1:48:04 p.m. EST (1848:04 GMT).”From central Florida to the surface of a comet in six months is almost instant gratification from a deep space mission viewpoint,” Grammier said. “It is going to be an exciting mission, and we can all witness its culmination together as Deep Impact provides the planet with its first man-made celestial fireworks on our nation’s birthday, July 4th.””We will be capturing the whole thing on the most powerful camera to fly in deep space,” A’Hearn added. “We know so little about the structure of cometary nuclei that we need exceptional equipment to ensure that we capture the event, whatever the details of the impact turn out to be.””In the world of science, this is the astronomical equivalent of a 767 airliner running into a mosquito,” said Don Yeomans, a Deep Impact mission scientist. “It simply will not appreciably modify the comet’s orbital path. Comet Tempel 1 poses no threat to the Earth now or in the foreseeable future.”Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF NASA’S DEEP IMPACT MISSION VIDEO:LEAD RESEARCHER PREVIEWS DEEP IMPACT SCIENCE VIDEO:WATCH DEEP IMPACT PRE-FLIGHT NEWS BRIEFING Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Rockets leap into the 21st century with GPS upgrade SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: May 18, 2014 Signaling a new chapter in the long-sought modernization of the U.S. Air Force’s launch ranges, Friday night’s flight of a Delta 4 rocket was tracked via satellite instead of by radar in a move officials say is a money-saving upgrade to the military’s aging range infrastructure. A long-range tracking camera near Cape Canaveral recorded spectacular footage of the Delta 4 rocket’s ascent into space Friday. Photo credit: ULAA special avionics system mounted on the 20-story launcher transmitted its location to controllers on the ground using Global Positioning System navigation data. The Delta 4 rocket Friday happened to be boosting a fresh GPS spacecraft into orbit to replenish the Air Force-run satellite fleet circling Earth more than 12,000 miles up.Walter Lauderdale, the mission director for Friday’s launch, said United Launch Alliance’s Atlas and Delta rockets are transitioning to GPS metric tracking for range safety functions, which protect the public and property should a launch vehicle veer off course.All U.S. rockets carry a flight termination system to destroy the booster if a serious problem occurs. The pyrotechnic destruct charge is commanded from the ground by an Air Force official who monitors the rocket’s flight path.”For GPS metric tracking, there is an avionics box that’s on the vehicle that sends down position information about where the rocket is back to the range for them to track for public safety,” Lauderdale told reporters before Friday’s launch.Most rockets launching from Cape Canaveral, Fla., and Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., have for decades been tracked by a C-band radar. Each rocket is fitted with a C-band transponder which helps the radar lock on to the launcher on its flight into space.”It provides the same position information as if you used a C-band tracking radar, where you’re actually following and interrogating the rocket … The GPS signal goes down to the rocket, in this case for metric track, [and] it tells the range safety folks where the rocket is, so they can track that the rocket is following its appropriate flight profile,” Lauderdale said.The GPS avionics unit completed a series of demonstration flights on previous rocket launches before being permitted to take over as a primary tracking method.According to Lauderdale, test launches of unarmed Minuteman missiles have used GPS metric tracking before, but space launchers are just getting into it.With the Delta 4 now GPS-capable, two more Atlas 5s will carry C-band tracking beacons before it switches over to GPS metric tracking, Lauderdale said.An Atlas 5 launch “at the end of July will be the last Atlas 5 to use the C-band radar; it flies out the last of the C-band tracking beacons. For Atlas 5 launches after the one at the end of July, we’ll also be using only GPS metric tracking and will not require the C-band tracking radar as a mandatory [range asset],” Lauderdale said.Officials say GPS metric tracking adds to the accuracy of the position and velocity data received by range safety officer during a launch. It is also cheaper because it means the C-band tracking radars at Cape Canaveral and Vandenberg Air Force Base are no longer needed.GPS metric tracking is a cornerstone of the Air Force’s effort to create a more “responsive” launch range. Finicky ground systems, many of which are based on 1950s or 1960s technology, occasionally cause launch delays even when weather, the rocket and the payload are “go” for liftoff.Budget cuts have also stretched the Air Force launch ranges, forcing managers to decommission backup systems.The perils of relying on antiquated technology in an era of lean funding was exhibited in late March, when a fire damaged an Air Force-owned tracking radar at the Kennedy Space Center. An Atlas 5 rocket is seen in a view from a tracking camera. Photo credit: ULAThe fire kept two rocket launches, one carrying a U.S. national security satellite and another ferrying supplies to the International Space Station, on the ground for more than two weeks as the Air Force rushed a backup radar into service.SpaceX officials have said the company is working on a GPS metric tracking capability for the Falcon 9 rocket, but a company spokesperson did not respond to an inquiry on the status of its development.According to a technical document posted on ULA’s website, the company’s GPS metric tracking system is one of three independent range tracking sources to help the Air Force range safety officer follow the flight path of a rocket. Alongside the GPS data, the range safety officer uses telemetered inertial guidance data and tracking information from a launch head skin track radar.The GPS metric tracking system on the Delta 4 and Atlas 5 rockets receives satellite signals from two L-band antennas mounted 180 degrees apart on the second stage, processes the data to formulate its position and velocity, then transmits the information to the ground through an S-band radio link for comparison to the launch vehicle’s predicted location.Before GPS metric tracking, engineers installed transmitters on rockets to allow them to send telemetry to control centers through NASA’s constellation of Tracking and Data Relay Satellites, reducing reliance on a network of ground station scattered around the globe.The next improvement under study by the Air Force is the introduction of autonomous on-board flight safety systems, which would replace today’s man-in-the-loop range safety paradigm. Instead of requiring an engineer to send a manual destruct command to an errant rocket from the ground, a computer on-board the launcher would do the job by itself.An autonomous flight termination system flew on an Air Force Minotaur rocket launch from Virginia in November in the first of what officials then said would be several test flights needed to certify the technology.Ultimately, simplified space-based ranges could eliminate the need for ground infrastructure, allowing launch ranges to exist virtually anywhere in the world, officials said.”The idea behind space-based range is you literally take all that range infrastructure, which is time-consuming and costly, try to streamline it and put it on the rocket,” a former Air Force space official said.Follow Stephen Clark on Twitter: .STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Satellite flown into space to monitor Earth’s oceans BY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: June 20, 2008NASA partnered with European scientists to launch an ocean research satellite from California early Friday, giving forecasters a new tool to make more accurate predictions of weather patterns and climate change. The Delta 2 rocket blasts away from Vandenberg carrying the Jason 2 spacecraft. Credit: Chris Miller/Spaceflight NowSEE MORE IMAGES The $432 million Jason 2 satellite blasted off aboard a Delta 2 rocket at 12:46 a.m. PDT (3:46 a.m. EDT; 0746 GMT) from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.The 125-foot-tall rocket, boosted by three solid-fueled motors, ignited with a brilliant flash of light and arced south from the launch pad into a moonlit night sky. The rocket dropped the three solid boosters into a safe zone in the Pacific Ocean, then used the main engine to steer around offshore oil rigs and reach the proper trajectory.The first stage engine shut down a few moments earlier than planned, but the rocket’s second stage compensated for the shortfall by burning a few seconds longer, said Omar Baez, NASA launch director for the mission.The Delta 2 completed its pinpoint space delivery mission 55 minutes after liftoff by releasing the 1,113-pound spacecraft in an orbit approximately 823 miles high with an inclination of about 66 degrees to the equator. The orbit will take Jason 2 over 95 percent of the world’s ice-free oceans.A camera mounted on the rocket’s upper stage showed live footage of the satellite flying away from the Delta 2.”All indications are that Jason 2 is operating,” Baez said after the launch.Engineers in France will spend the next few weeks verifying the spacecraft’s science instruments are in good shape.Jason 2 carries a suite of instruments built by U.S. and French scientists to measure the distance between the orbiting spacecraft and the ocean surface. Scientists expect a precision of between one and two inches.”Measuring sea level from 830 miles in space with errors of a few inches is not just cool science, it’s a really critical application for everybody on the planet,” said Eric Lindstrom, Jason 2 program scientist at NASA Headquarters.Lindstrom likened the feat to measuring the thickness of paper lying on the ground from the top of a skyscraper.The satellite, also called the Ocean Surface Topography Mission by NASA, is expected to last at least three years. Thales Alenia Space of France was the spacecraft’s prime industrial contractor.Other partners in the mission include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the French space agency, and EUMETSAT, the operator of Europe’s weather satellites.U.S. government agencies provided $176 million of the mission’s cost, or about 40 percent of the total funding, said Steve Neek, program executive at NASA’s Science Mission Directorate.European partners spent $256 million on Jason 2, Neek said.The world’s oceans vary in height by up to six-and-a-half feet, and the sea-surface terrain can be used to chart currents, water temperatures, tides, and ocean eddies, according to Neek.”The ocean really behaves like a natural thermostat regulating our climate,” said Lee-Leung Fu, Jason 2 project scientist at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif.Sea water helps cool the atmosphere, but sea levels rise when ocean temperatures warm or ice melts, Fu said.Researchers will incorporate real-time data from Jason 2 into their computer models to improve weather and ocean forecasts on scales ranging from a few days to more than a year. The improvements will also be important for predicting the development of hurricanes, said Laury Miller, chief scientist at the NOAA Lab for Satellite Altimetry.Jason 2 will not only supply up-to-date ocean information to sailors and weather forecasters, but also keep tabs on the global mean sea level to track the melting of the polar ice caps.The average sea level has risen at a rate of about one-tenth of an inch per year, according to data from Jason 2’s predecessors.”That sounds like a very small number to you, but this is in fact twice the rate of sea level change estimated from sparsely located tidal gauges over the preceding 100 years,” Fu said.The satellite’s Poseidon 3 instrument is the mission’s primary experiment. Developed by CNES, the French space agency, Poseidon 3 will bounce radar beams off the ocean surface and measure the distance by determining the time it takes for the reflected radio waves to be received by a sensor on the spacecraft, said Parag Vaze, Jason 2 project manager at JPL.Poseidon 3 can also gauge ocean currents, wave characteristics and wind speed, scientists said.The third-generation instrument is based on other payloads flown on two previous U.S.-French satellites, beginning with the experimental TOPEX/Poseidon mission launched in 1992.TOPEX/Poseidon revolutionized the field of oceanography, which had before relied on scattered reports from ships and weather buoys.”The availability of these measurements has meant a breakthrough in physical oceanography,” said Mikael Rattenborg, EUMETSAT director of operations.The observation of oceans from space gave scientists the first clear insight into El Nino and La Nina climate patterns characterized by the warming and cooling of waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.The partnership continued with a subsequent operational satellite called Jason 1, which was sent into space in 2001. Jason 1 is still providing researchers a daily dose of data on the world’s oceans, and the precursor satellite will be part of a tandem mission with Jason 2.Scientists will closely monitor the two satellites’ instruments over the next six months, making sure they operate identically to provide uniform data. After the calibration phase is completed, Jason 1 will move to an orbit parallel to Jason 2, effectively doubling the mission’s global coverage, Fu said.Although Jason 1 is beyond its projected life span, scientists expect it to continue working despite the loss of several key backup systems.Fu said engineers project there is an 80 percent chance Jason 1 will work for at least two more years, giving scientists an opportunity to conduct dual operations with Jason 2.Jason 2’s charter is to extend the 15-year legacy of TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason 1 into the next decade.The legacy’s continuation is crucial to answering some of the key questions scientists are facing about global warming, according to Fu.”We really don’t know the answer. That’s why we need continuing satellite measurements like Jason 2 to extend the data record into the future,” Fu said.Jason 2’s science instruments include several improvements to allow the radar system to analyze sea levels near coasts and in icy regions, Vaze said.”We anticipate much improved observations in the coastal zones, which are home to more than half of the world’s population,” Fu said.A network of 60 radio beacons positioned around the world will track the spacecraft as it flies overhead, determining its exact position in space to make sure the data gathered by the Poseidon 3 instrument is accurate.Vaze said ground controllers will also use navigation data provided by a laser ranging system and receivers linking the spacecraft with the Air Force’s GPS satellites.A microwave instrument assembled by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory will measure water vapor in the atmosphere. Water can interfere with radar signals transmitted by Poseidon 3, causing errors of up to 20 inches in humid conditions.NOAA and EUMETSAT are already planning a follow-on satellite for launch in the next decade. The spacecraft, called Jason 3, would likely continue the string of constant sea level monitoring through 2020, forecasters said.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:OUR LAUNCH PAD CAMERA VIDEO:LAUNCH AS SEEN FROM THE PRESS SITE VIDEO:PAD GANTRY RETRACTED FROM ROCKET FOR LAUNCH VIDEO:TIME-LAPSE MOVIE OF TOWER ROLLBACK VIDEO:JASON 2 SEPARATES FROM DELTA 2 VIDEO:JASON 2 LAUNCHES ABOARD DELTA 2 VIDEO:LAUNCH PAD TOWER ROLLBACK VIDEO:DELTA 2 ROCKET LAUNCH CAMPAIGN VIDEO:JASON 2 LAUNCH CAMPAIGN VIDEO:PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:JASON 2 MISSION SCIENCE BRIEFING MORE: Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.WGS 5 launched to expand coverage over the Americas SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: May 24, 2013 With one more satellite needed in its new military communications system to extend blanket coverage over virtually the entire planet, the spacecraft to make the network’s reach global was sent thundering into orbit Friday to join the Air Force’s broadening constellation serving troops, ships, drones and civilian leaders. Credit: Pat Corkery/United Launch AllianceLoaded atop a United Launch Alliance Delta 4 rocket, the $342 million Wideband Global SATCOM 5 satellite headed skyward from Cape Canaveral at 8:27 p.m. EDT en route to a supersynchronous transfer orbit.Forty-one minutes later, the powerful booster successfully released the 13,200-pound payload into an orbit looping as high as 36,125 nautical miles, as low as 237 miles and tilted 24 degrees to the equator.Controllers at Boeing’s facilities in El Segundo, Calif., will maneuver the satellite into a circular geosynchronous orbit by early summer, allowing the craft to match Earth’s rotation and appear fixed above the globe.An extensive checkout and commission process that will stretch into next year to ready the satellite for operations from 52.5 degrees West longitude for its mission to provide communications support to the Americas.”WGS 5 will provide three new capabilities that expand the constellation — increase in capacity to the U.S. and six international partners, expanded coverage leading us to near-worldwide coverage at this point and, with operational acceptance of WGS 5, we will be able to achieve full operational capability of the system,” said Luke Schaub, chief of the Wideband SATCOM division of the MILSATCOM Systems directorate at the Space and Missile Systems Center in Los Angeles.Known as WGS 5, this satellite is the fifth in a major program to upgrade to the military’s main communications infrastructure, replacing the aging Defense Satellite Communications System (DSCS) spacecraft. Each WGS has 10 times the capacity of a DSCS satellite, allowing users to process and receive data quicker than ever before.”WGS is the DOD’s highest capacity communications satellite system. These satellites provide tremendous operational flexibility to deliver the needed capacity, coverage and connectivity in support of demanding operational scenarios for DOD and allied forces worldwide,” said Boeing WGS Program Director Mark Spiwak.”We have four in operation today. Those four are pretty much located on the other side of the globe from the United States. They’re really located strategically between the eastern Atlantic and the western Pacific. Today, we do not have any WGS capability over the continental United States,” Schaub said.”This satellite is being launched into an orbit at 52.5 West, which is off the east coast of the United States, with the intention of closing that gap and providing, with its transfer into operations, near-worldwide coverage.” was launched in October 2007 to cover the vast U.S. Pacific Command that stretches from the U.S. western coast all the way to Southeast Asia. satellite followed with an April 2009 launch to serve U.S. Central Command and the forces in Afghanistan, Iraq and other parts of Southwest Asia. went up in December 2009 to cover U.S. European Command and U.S. Africa Command, plus lend additional support over the Middle East. inaugurated the upgraded Block 2 series for improved communications with unmanned aerial drones when it was launched in January 2012 to cover the Middle East and Southeast Asia for use by U.S. Central Command and U.S. Pacific Command.The inclusion of WGS 5 will extend the Wideband Global SATCOM constellation to the Americas for a host of users.”It gives us the CONUS coverage we don’t have today,” Schaub said.”Think of it as this whole region, so NORTHCOM, SOUTHCOM, TRANSCOM, STRATCOM, MDA, a whole lot of U.S. and western hemisphere-based users will be using this satellite,” Schaub added, referring to U.S. Northern Command, Southern Command, Transportation Command, Strategic Command and the Missile Defense Agency.The craft’s communications package provides shaped, steerable spotbeams of bandwidth wherever requested across its field-of-view for X- and Ka-band frequencies, plus the onboard capability to switch signals from one band to the other.”WGS is the only military communications system that can support simultaneous X- and Ka-band communications with cross-banding that makes communications across terminal types transparent to the warfighters,” Schaub said.The X-band communications through DSCS and WGS allow data, photos and video to be relayed to troops on the battlefield. But WGS also brings Ka-band to the table for high-volume broadcasting to user terminals across the reception area.”Virtually anything you can imagine doing (with communications) is what we support, primarily focused on areas that are hard to access with our landline systems,” Schaub said.”It runs the gamut from soldiers in the field to large operations and ships, video teleconferencing, voice, a lot of data transfers, the RF bypass that we’re adding is really intended to allow for rapid transfer of data.”Three earlier satellites were built by Boeing as the Block 1 series and WGS 5 becomes the second of the upgraded Block 2 generation.”The WGS Block 2 satellites provide higher total throughput than Block 1 satellites with the addition of a radio frequency bypass capability,” Schaub said.The bypass feature allows unmanned aerial drone communications to skip the crossbanding path and use two uplink and two downlink channels for three times the bandwidth as the normal channels, opening up a much bigger pipeline for data to flow.”Like the existing on-orbit satellites, WGS 5 will provide protected, wideband communications to users anywhere in its field-of-view. WGS 5 also provides a switchable radio frequency bypass capability that supports the transmission of AISR (airborne intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) mission data at data rates that are approximately three times greater than currently available,” Spiwak said.Boeing has completed the WGS 6 satellite, which was shipped to the Cape last week for its launch in early August aboard the next Delta 4 rocket. The craft was built with funding from Australia as part of an international partnership on the communications system.Satellites 7 through 10 are under construction at Boeing’s factory in El Segundo for launches in the coming years.”It’s about adding additional capacity,” Schaub said of putting five more satellites to the constellation. “We know there’s an insatiable appetite for (satellite communications).”WGS 9 is being built on a multi-lateral agreement with Canada, Denmark, Luxembourg, The Netherlands and New Zealand, bringing those nations into the network as well.”The amount of capacity that is provided to each of the international partners is a stair step that increases with the launch of each satellite. So both Australia and the multi-lat will get additional capacity with the launch of this WGS 5 satellite,” Schaub added.Friday’s launch was the first for the Delta 4 rocket since it experienced an upper stage engine leak and lower-than-expected thrust while successfully deploying a GPS satellite seven months ago. Although that investigation remains ongoing, officials cleared the Delta 4 for flight after ordering extra inspections on the powerplant for the WGS 5 mission, instituted in-flight helium purges and changed how the engine was thermally conditioned prior to ignition during the launch.”The team has worked tremendously hard and exceptionally well to complete a robust investigation and get us to a successful launch today,” said Jim Sponnick, United Launch Alliance vice president of mission operations.There were no reports of any troubles during the flight, which marked the 22nd for a Delta 4 rocket since 2002 and the third to carry a WGS satellite.It was ULA’s 71st mission in 77 months, the fifth this year and the second in just 9 days. Next up will be another Atlas 5 on July 19 carrying the Navy’s second MUOS mobile communications craft.Delta 4 plans to perform the WGS 6 deployment from the Cape in early August and a classified Heavy launch for the National Reconnaissance Office from Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif., in late August.One further Delta 4 launch is planned this year, the program’s 25th overall, in mid-October from the Cape with the GPS 2F-5 navigation satellite.STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Satellite launched to give truer view of the world SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: October 8, 2009 A company that scans the world with its high-resolution imaging satellites launched another spacecraft Thursday, one that promises to reveal Earth’s true colors for commercial mapping and monitoring. Credit: Gene Blevins/LA Daily News The WorldView 2 satellite was blasted into orbit atop a two-stage Delta 2 rocket built by United Launch Alliance and marketed by Boeing, leaving its coastal pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California at 11:51 a.m. local (2:51 p.m. EDT; 1851 GMT).Flying south toward a sun-synchronous orbit circling the planet from pole to pole, the ever-trustworthy rocket successfully deployed the satellite after a 62-minute ascent.The spacecraft becomes the third Earth imager operated by DigitalGlobe of Longmont, Colorado, joining the and satellites launched aboard Delta 2 rockets in 2001 and 2007, respectively, and still snapping digital pictures for their worldwide clientele.At the moment of today’s launch, QuickBird was orbiting 245 nautical miles over western Russia and WorldView 1 was flying 267 nautical miles above the Pacific Ocean having just crossed the western U.S.”With the addition of WorldView 2, an impressive third component of our constellation, DigitalGlobe will have increased capacity, which is expected to improve the speed with which we deliver our imagery products to our customers and provide more frequent refresh of our ImageLibrary to support a range of monitoring, analysis and decision-making services,” said Jill Smith, chairman and chief executive officer of DigitalGlobe. What’s special about WorldView 2 is the capability to image in eight different color bands, which is double the number on earlier satellites. The result will be the next step in the commercial Earth-imagery business, by taking the sharp clarity and painting the pictures in the truest natural colors.”At this time, there isn’t another satellite which combines high-resolution with eight bands and the level of agility that we get from the WorldView-class satellite,” a DigitalGlobe spokesperson told Spaceflight Now.The added colors promise to heighten the amount of information and insights that can be extracted for uses such as diagnosing the health of crops, determining the impact of natural disasters and identifying features for national security.”Not only will these bands help with vegetation but it will also allow for improved classification of man-made structures such as buildings, roads and infrastructure,” DigitalGlobe says.”With the increased level of detail, there any many uses such as helping to improve the understanding of global warming on sustainable land and resources, tracking the impact of pollution, improving natural resource management and exploration, and protecting and monitoring agricultural development and sustainability.”Commercial imaging satellites have a range of customers, including the U.S. government for intelligence-gathering, as well as urban planners, real estate developers, oil and gas firms, environmental interests and supplying pictures to online sites like Google Earth.DigitalGlobe’s main rival in the U.S. is the GeoEye company, which its latest satellite atop a Delta 2 rocket a year ago. An artist’s concept of WorldView 2 shows the satellite high above Earth. Credit: Ball AerospaceOrbiting the Earth every 100 minutes at an altitude of 415 nautical miles, WorldView 2 must first undergo post-launch calibration and accuracy tests to verify its performance before entering service for a life designed to last more than 7 years. The first commercial imagery should be available in about 90 days.”It will give us nearly twice our current collection capacity, it will allow us to collect nearly three times the Earth’s land mass,” the company says.”Large-scale infusion of fresh, up-to-date imagery broadens the appeal for satellite imagery in emerging commercial applications as well as creating increased value for the sophisticated, professional users who will take advantage of the higher detail and definition from eight-band multispectral capabilities.”The three-ton spacecraft, built by Ball Aerospace, has an optical telescope to see objects as small as 18 inches across in its black and white imagery and 72 inches for color imagery. The satellite uses gyroscopes for its advanced control system and is equipped with a vibration-dampening system to reduce jitter. The craft is 14 feet tall and has a wing span of 23 feet with its power-generating solar arrays unfurled.”The successful launch of WorldView 2 marks a new milestone for the collection of imagery by these highly sophisticated satellites,” said David Taylor, president and CEO of Ball Aerospace.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:DELTA ROCKET LAUNCHES WORLDVIEW 2 VIDEO:LAUNCH PAD GANTRY ROLLED BACK FROM ROCKET VIDEO:NARRATED PREVIEW OF WORLDVIEW 2’S LAUNCH John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Satellite sets sail to survey saltiness of Earth’s oceans SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: June 10, 2011 Seeking a missing ingredient to understanding Earth’s environmental changes, a new satellite conceived through unique international collaborations was launched today to map the planet’s salty seas from space.An artist’s concept of the SAC-D satellite with the Aquarius instrument. Credit: NASAThe Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-D spacecraft blasted off aboard a United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket at 7:20 a.m. local (10:20 a.m. EDT; 1420 GMT) from Vandenberg Air Force Base, California.The 12-story rocket escaped the ground-hugging marine layer blanketing the Central Coast, thundering southward to eventually reach a 408-mile-high sun-synchronous orbit and successfully living up to its reputation of dependability.Built by Argentina, the SAC-D satellite is equipped with multiple scientific instruments from several countries including NASA’s Aquarius sensor package designed to make exceptionally precise global measurements of salt content at the ocean surface.”Measuring ocean surface salinity from space is NASA’s latest technology achievement and it’s really going to be a great leap forward for the science of oceanography,” said Eric Lindstrom, Aquarius program scientist at NASA Headquarters.”For many of you, salinity is a rather obscure quantity, but I must tell you it’s of critical importance in the ocean circulation, in the climate system and in diagnosing the flow of fresh water through our Earth system.”Standing 16.4 feet tall and 9 feet wide within the Delta rocket’s protective nose cone, the SAC-D spacecraft weighed 2,977 pounds at launch. The two-stage launcher reached a preliminary parking orbit about 11 minutes after liftoff, then coasted around the South Pole and soared towards Africa when the booster performed a final maneuver to inject the satellite into the desired orbit. Deployment of the payload occurred as expected 56-and-a-half minutes into flight.NASA has spent $287 million on the Aquarius project, which includes paying for the satellite’s launch. A Delta 2 rocket has never faltered in its 48 missions for the space agency over the past two decades.The large oval antenna reflector and three microwave radiometers at the heart of Aquarius will work like highly sensitive radio receivers to detect variations in the electrical conductivity of seawater, enabling scientists to deduce the ocean salinity levels.”Salinity is the glue that bonds two major components of Earth’s complex climate system: ocean circulation and the global water cycle,” said Aquarius principal investigator Gary Lagerloef of Earth & Space Researc

Posted: June 5, 2010 Sound-activated cameras around Cape Canaveral’s Complex 40 capture the thunderous blastoff of the Falcon 9 rocket on its experimental first test flight.Credit: Chris Thompson/SpaceXCredit: Chris Thompson/SpaceXAdditional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:FALCON 9 LAUNCH AS SEEN FROM NASA CAUSEWAY VIDEO:VIEW FROM KENNEDY SPACE CENTER PRESS SITE VIDEO:VEHICLE ASSEMBLY BUILDING ROOF CAMERA | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.First Falcon 9 rocket now coming together at the Cape SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: January 29, 2010 All the pieces of the first Falcon 9 rocket due to launch between March and May have been trucked into Cape Canaveral, leaving just a handful of final tasks and closeouts before the booster is lifted atop the pad for tanking and engine tests. The Falcon 9 rocket sits inside a hangar at Complex 40. See our . Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowThe rocket’s second stage arrived at the Cape earlier this week after finishing acceptance testing in Texas, filling the shiny new SpaceX hangar at Complex 40 with rocket hardware for the first time.See our complete from this week.The nine-engine first stage and the first launch’s rudimentary Dragon capsule arrived in Florida late last year. Those components are nearly ready for launch, said Tim Buzza, SpaceX’s vice president of launch operations.Technicians are finishing closeouts and working with the first stage destruct system as engineers put the second stage through a slate of propulsion systems tests. The avionics system and Merlin engine nozzle will also be installed on the upper stage in the coming days.”The [first] stage is fully checked out electrically, and propulsion and structures are all happy,” Buzza said. “So we’re just putting the final closeout pieces on.”The launch pad itself, formerly used by the Air Force Titan 4 rocket, is nearly ready for the maiden launch. Workers are adding an minor extension to the flame trench and finishing up pipelines.The Falcon 9 stages sit on rail tracks similar to the integration concept used by the Ukrainian Zenit rocket and other Russian launchers.Buzza said he hopes to have the rocket fully assembled and ready to roll out from the hangar to the launch pad by mid-February, but officials first plan a series of mission simulations involving the fully-integrated rocket.Massive cranes will lift the rocket from the floor, allowing the transporter and erector system to slide underneath the vehicle.”Then it’s four or five days to get all mated up, then another couple days to get on the [transporter]. We have about two days on the pad for the first time we come out and hook up. We’re going to do a quick pad check to pick out any high-risk items that we don’t have to find on wet dress [rehearsal] day,” Buzza said.The transporter will be pulled by a tug similar to the tractors used on planes on airport tarmacs. It will take about 15 minutes to reach the pad, then the rocket will be lifted upright, according to Buzza, who also serves as Falcon 9 launch director.The first order of business on the pad will be a wet dress rehearsal that includes loading kerosene and liquid oxygen propellants into both stages.Buzza said the rehearsal’s “primary purpose is the ground system’s interaction with the rocket, whether it be propellants, helium, or nitrogen, and then it’s getting the timeline cadence down.””Depending on how those tests go, we’ll just drive into the next step,” Buzza said. Complex 40 has been modified to support Falcon 9 launches. Credit: Justin Ray/Spaceflight NowOfficials are still tweaking the countdown, which will be run by around 30 managers and engineers stationed inside the SpaceX Launch Control Center about 12 miles south of the launch pad.”Hopefully, once we’re through that and figure out the ground systems, then we put that part behind us and figure out how we light the engines,” Buzza said.The static test firing will include officials from the Air Force-controlled Eastern Range and the SpaceX launch team for a full-up mission rehearsal.”We’re going to act like that’s launch day, and there we get the cadence between the two groups,” Buzza said.After the engine test, which is expected to last a few seconds, SpaceX will move the rocket back to the hangar for the final installation of the the vehicle’s self-destruct system that would terminate the flight if problems developed during launch.When the Falcon 9 reaches the pad again, some time no earlier than the first week of March, it will be ready for flight. Liftoff is currently set for around March 8 during a four-hour launch window that opens at 11 a.m. EST.Company leaders stress the launch date is preliminary and is subject to change, saying liftoff could occur between March and May.The Falcon 9 will propel the Dragon capsule into low Earth orbit on a flight simulating SpaceX’s first mission for NASA demonstrating cargo delivery to the International Space Station.Elon Musk, SpaceX’s founder and CEO, said the Falcon 9’s inaugural flight is all about learning.”The more data we gain, the more successful the mission,” Musk said. “As with any test, success is a function of how much data you gather from that test. So it’s going to be somewhere between 0 and 100 percent.”The Falcon 9 will eventually launch operational Dragon missions to resupply the space station with crucial logistics and science experiments after the space shuttle’s retirement at the end of this year. The first Falcon 9 rocket will be a demonstration mission with the Dragon qualification unit. Credit: SpaceXMusk is also hoping to win a NASA contract to develop a piloted version of the Dragon as part of the new commercial focus of the human space program expected to be announced Monday.SpaceX, which includes almost 900 workers across the country, now employs a staff of about 45 engineers and technicians permanently located in Florida. Dozens of other workers from California and Texas fly to the Cape during busy periods.”It’s quite real,” Buzza said. “We’re talking about how to get to the end game and tailoring procedures and who has the authority to do what.””When they’re in the hangar putting this together, they’re not putting it together for a wet dress or a static fire, they’re putting it together for flight,” Buzza said.STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.First SpaceX rocket launch ends in failureSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: March 24, 2006The maiden flight for a new breed of low-cost rockets designed to revolutionize the space launch industry met a disastrous fate Friday, tumbling out of control and slamming into the Pacific Ocean moments after liftoff.More than three years of development took the Falcon 1 rocket from the drawing board to the launch pad thanks to the backing of Elon Musk. The South African spent part of the fortune he made as co-founder of PayPal, the online payment system, and the earlier Zip2 software company to create Space Exploration Technologies Corp.He formed SpaceX with the goal of vastly reducing the cost of rockets and dreams of human voyages to the planets.The company’s first space booster blasted off at 2230 GMT (5:30 p.m. EST) from the seven-acre Omelek Island in the Kwajalein Atoll. The mission had been delayed months by technical setbacks.The 70-foot tall Falcon 1 rocket, named after the Star Wars Millennium Falcon, was carrying a tiny science spacecraft built by cadets at the U.S. Air Force Academy. The two-stage booster was supposed to deploy the probe into a 250 by 310 mile orbit around Earth.Priced at $6.7 million per launch, the Falcon 1 small-satellite launcher seems like a bargain in the U.S. market, since NASA currently spends almost three times that much on existing rockets of similar lifting power. What’s more, the Falcon 1’s design will evolve into larger rockets — the Falcon 5 and Falcon 9 — to haul much heavier payloads into orbit while promising to keep the cost lower than Atlas or Delta vehicles.But Friday’s launch turned into a brutal failure.Liftoff was delayed 90 minutes because the retrieval ship for the reusable first stage was errantly inside the restricted zone downrange and had to be moved into safer waters.After the unplanned hold, countdown clocks entered the final 75 minutes and the rocket was loaded with a highly-refined kerosene propellant and supercold liquid oxygen to feed the engines on both stages.To keep the liquid oxygen from warming up and naturally boiling away while the rocket sat on its tropical launch pad before liftoff, a “thermal coat” had been wrapped around the first stage. Problems running out of liquid oxygen on the remote island have bedeviled SpaceX over the past few months.”A glaring deficiency that we had in the November and December attempts was the fact that we were basically boiling LOX at an unacceptably high rate. It is hard to get LOX on the island. So what we did was put a blanket scheme together to cover the first stage LOX tank,” Gwynne Shotwell, SpaceX vice president of business development, told reporters during Friday’s countdown.”It is held to the rocket by Velcro and we’ve got lanyards that hold it down to the ground. So basically the lanyards will pull a zipper as the vehicle lifts up, a Velcro zipper, and that LOX tank insulation will stay on the ground as the vehicle flies through it.”Countdown clocks hit T-zero and the Merlin main engine fired to life. The powerplant, expected to generate about 77,000 pounds of thrust, was developed in-house by SpaceX.The Falcon 1 had set sail on its maiden voyage, and a video camera mounted on the rocket beamed back live footage of the booster ascending skyward. However, the launch video did not show any signs of the liquid oxygen blanket unzipping and being yanked free from the rocket by ground tethers as planned.As the vehicle climbed higher, a white blanket presumably the cover Shotwell had mentioned could be seen flapping wildly in the onboard video. Large pieces appeared to rip away at T+plus 20 seconds due to the rocket’s increasing speed.The vehicle had a noticeable rolling motion, rocking back and forth a bit, and then at T+plus 26 seconds rapidly pitched over when its fiery engine plume became greatly distorted.”This is the RCO, we have an active track with the radar,” the Range Safety officer announced.Just moments later the rocket impacted the ocean, apparently on its side, at about T+plus 41 seconds.Did the blanket play a role? Was the engine damaged? Did the nozzle fail? Investigators are beginning to sift through the data collected during the brief flight to construct a full picture of the launch.”We did lose the vehicle,” Shotwell said in announcing the failure. “Clearly this is a setback. But we are in this for the long haul. We will proceed with follow-up information as we learn it.”In a pre-launch press briefing last November before the first attempt to fly the Falcon 1, Musk acknowledged the difficulty in rocketry. Successfully launching a rocket requires everything to go right, and history is littered with failed inaugural flights. Musk compared the maiden flight with trying to develop perfect software. “It is like…if you had a very complex piece of software that you test pieces of but you can’t test the whole thing together until you ran it for the first time, nor could you test it on the exact computer that it had to run for the first time. But when it does run for the first time it can have no bugs. When was the last time you saw a piece of software that met that criteria?” SpaceX had planned to launch its second Falcon 1 rocket with an experimental communications satellite for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory in three to six months from the company’s pad at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. How Friday’s failure will change those plans is not clear.John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Fuel leak apparently doomed Falcon 1SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: March 25, 2006Early insights from investigators examining Friday’s failed launch of the first SpaceX Falcon 1 rocket suggest a fuel leak triggered a fire that ultimately brought down the booster, the company’s founder said today. This closeup image shows the Merlin main engine during launch. Credit: Thom Rogers/SpaceX”The good news is that all vehicle systems, including the main engine, thrust vector control, structures, avionics, software, guidance algorithm, etc. were picture perfect. Falcon’s trajectory was within 0.2 degrees of nominal during powered flight,” Elon Musk said in a statement posted this morning on his brother’s blog.”However, at T+25s, a fuel leak of currently unknown origin caused a fire around the top of the main engine that cut into the first stage helium pneumatic system. On high resolution imagery, the fire is clearly visible within seconds after liftoff. Once the pneumatic pressure decayed below a critical value, the spring return safety function of the pre-valves forced them closed, shutting down the main engine at T+29s.”The rocket tumbled out of the sky and impacted the ocean about 41 seconds after liftoff.Initial speculation immediately after Friday’s malfunction wondered if a thermal coat wrapped around the first stage liquid oxygen tank that was supposed to separate at liftoff could have contributed to the mishap. Launch video showed the jacket ripping apart as the rocket climbed into the sky.”It does not appear as though the first stage insulation played a negative role, nor are any other vehicle anomalies apparent from either the telemetry or imaging. Falcon was executing perfectly on all fronts until fire impaired the first stage pneumatic system,” Musk said.”Our plan at this point is to analyze data and debris to be certain that the above preliminary analysis is correct and then isolate and address all possible causes for the fuel leak. In addition, we will do another ground up systems review of the entire vehicle to flush out any other potential issues.”I cannot predict exactly when the next flight will take place, as that depends on the findings of this investigation and ensuring that our next customer is comfortable that all reasonable steps have been taken to ensure reliability. However, I would hope that the next launch occurs in less than six months.”That next mission of Falcon 1 is scheduled to carry the TacSat experimental communications satellite for the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California. The Falcon 1 rocket lifts off. Credit: Thom Rogers/SpaceX”It is perhaps worth noting that those launch companies that succeeded also took their lumps along the way. … Having experienced firsthand how hard it is to reach orbit, I have a lot of respect for those that persevered to produce the vehicles that are mainstays of space launch today,” Musk said.Friday’s launch was the first for the start-up company. SpaceX developed the small Falcon 1 as a stepping stone to much larger boosters of the future.”I am very encouraged and grateful that our launch customers took the time to call and express their support of SpaceX when their reaction could easily have been the opposite. We will stand by them as they have stood by us. SpaceX is in this for the long haul and, come hell or high water, we are going to make this work.”Musk added that he “believes in maximum disclosure” and will continue to provide information about the accident.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA’s first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store.Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Expedition 21The official embroidered patch for the International Space Station Expedition 21 crew is now available from our stores.Hubble PatchThe official embroidered patch for mission STS-125, the space shuttle’s last planned service call to the Hubble Space Telescope, is available for purchase. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.The earliest the Falcon 9 rocket could blast off from Cape Canaveral is June 2, as the Air Force and Federal Aviation Administration continue reviewing the vehicle’s flight termination system.A SpaceX spokesperson announced the new target date late Tuesday, but the Falcon 9’s ultimate appointment on the Air Force Eastern Range will depend on the conclusion of the paperwork reviews and other launch traffic at the Cape.Ken Wong, manager of the FAA’s licensing and safety division, said the agency issued SpaceX a commercial launch license for the Falcon 9 rocket earlier this year.But the FAA and the Air Force are both responsible for the safety of the public and third-party property that could be put at risk during the launch.”What we’re doing is we’re reviewing some test documentation related to the flight termination system to ensure compliance with FAA licensing requirements,” Wong said in an interview Tuesday.Air Force officials were not available for comment Monday or Tuesday.Wong said the issue is with several components of the destruct package, which includes linear-shaped charges along the length of the rocket. If the booster flew off course during launch, safety officials could trigger the mechanism to destroy the rocket before it threatened people.SpaceX says it is working with Ensign Bickford Aerospace and Defense Co. to resolve the issues and gain approval for launch. Ensign Bickford is the prime supplier of the Falcon 9 flight termination system.Wong declined to identify the specific parts under the most scrutiny, and he would not estimate when the reviews could be finished.”If you have a vehicle which has launched several times, where you have a flight termination system that has already completed qualification testing, then in subsequent launches, you would not have as many test-related issues with the flight termination system,” Wong said Tuesday.”In the case of Falcon 9, where you have a new vehicle with a new flight termination system, that’s why you get a lot more of these testing issues and things that have to be reviewed,” Wong said.Launch and landing activity at the Cape has range assets booked this week and in parts of early June, further complicating SpaceX’s plans to debut the 15-story rocket.Musk ‘optimistic’ next Dragon flight will visit space station SPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: December 9, 2010 SpaceX did its best Wednesday to quiet critics and convince NASA the company is ready to deliver supplies to the International Space Station some time next year. The Falcon 9 rocket blasts off Wednesday morning from Complex 40 at Cape Canaveral. Credit: Chris Thompson/SpaceXThe company launched a Falcon 9 rocket from Florida at 10:43 a.m. EST (1543 GMT) Wednesday, releasing an unmanned Dragon space capsule in orbit 10 minutes later. The Dragon performed flawlessly, circling Earth two times before accomplishing a pinpoint landing in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of northern Mexico at 2:02 p.m. EST (1902 GMT).”It’s just mind-blowingly awesome,” said Elon Musk, SpaceX’s founder and CEO. “I wish I was more articulate, but it’s hard to be articulate when you’re mind’s blown, but in a very good way.”Musk attempted to quell expectations before launch, predicting the test flight only had a 60 percent chance of complete success.But Musk’s company beat those odds Wednesday, achieving every goal of the mission.

STORY WRITTEN FOR & USED WITH PERMISSIONPosted: March 6, 2009Lighting up the night sky, a Delta 2 rocket roared to life and vaulted away from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station late today, boosting a powerful space telescope into orbit around the sun for a $591 million mission to search for Earth-like planets orbiting distant stars. Credit: Carleton Bailie for United Launch Alliance”I think people everywhere want to know whether, with all the stars out there, do they have planets that are Earth-sized?” said principal investigator William Borucki of NASA’s Ames Research Center. “Are Earths frequent or are they rare? And this gives us that answer. It’s the next step in mankind’s exploration of the galaxy.”The Kepler spacecraft’s three-and-a-half-year mission began on time at 10:49:57 p.m. with a crackling roar and a torrent of fire that briefly turned night into day along Florida’s space coast. Putting on a spectacular weekend sky show, the United Launch Alliance Delta 2 rocket quickly climbed from its sea-side launch pad and arced away to the east over the Atlantic Ocean as it streaked toward space.Just over one minute after launch, six solid-fuel strap-on boosters that were ignited at liftoff to assist the Delta’s first-stage engine burned out and fell away while a final set of three ignited for another one-minute burn. The first-stage engine shut down as planned four-and-a-half minutes after launch and the ascent continued on the power of the Delta’s compact second stage.Two second-stage burns were required before Kepler and its solid-fuel third stage motor were released for a final one-and-a-half-minute firing to boost the craft out of Earth orbit. Spacecraft separation came on time at 11:52 p.m. At that point, Kepler was moving out at a blistering 6.2 miles per second.This was the 339th Delta rocket launched since 1960, the 141st upgraded Delta 2, and the 86th successful Delta 2 launch in a row dating back to January 1997. The Delta 2 record now stands at 139 successful missions against just two failures.”And now we have plenty of handshakes going on here in the mission director’s center because we have confirmation of spacecraft separation,” said NASA launch commentator George Diller. “It did occur on time at 61 minutes 49 seconds. … So at this point, the Kepler team now really gets to work.”Engineers will spend about two months checking out and calibrating Kepler’s complex systems before the mission begins in earnest.Trailing the Earth in its orbit around the sun, Kepler will aim a 95-megapixel camera on a patch of sky the size of an out-stretched hand that contains more than 4.5 million detectable stars. Of that total, the science team has picked some 300,000 that are of the right age, composition and brightness to host Earth-like planets. Over the life of the mission, more than 100,000 of those will be actively monitored by Kepler.The spacecraft’s camera will not take pictures like other space telescopes. Instead, it will act as a photometer, continually monitoring the brightness of candidate stars in its wide field of view and the slight dimming that will result if planets happen to pass in front.By studying subtle changes in brightness from such planetary transits – comparable to watching a flea creep across a car’s headlight at night – and the timing of repeated cycles, scientists can ferret out potential Earth-like worlds in habitable-zone orbits.The probability of finding sun-like stars with Earth-like planets in orbits similar to ours – and aligned so that Kepler can “see” them – is about one-half of 1 percent. Given the sample size, however, that still leaves hundreds of potential discoveries.But it will take three-and-a-half years of around-the-clock observations to capture the repeated cycles needed to confirm detection of an Earth-like world in an Earth-like orbit.”There’s a lot of desire in the science community to understand extra-terrestrial planets, not just find them,” said Ed Weiler, NASA’s associate administrator for space science. “We’ve already found 300 or so, mostly from the ground. But now we’re entering the stage of going beyond just proving that they exist. It’s how many are out there, and perhaps the most important question of all, are there any Earth’s out there?”So far, even though we’ve discovered (more than) 300 planets, we haven’t discovered any that are the size of the Earth in the so-called habitable zone, that is, a planet close enough to the star where it’s warm enough for water to be liquid, not frozen, or not too close to the sun where it would boil off. So Kepler is going to be the first mission that starts to answer that question, are there any Earth’s out there?”Named in honor of Johannes Kepler, the 17th century German astronomer who formulated the laws of planetary motion, NASA’s newest science satellite weighs 2,320 pounds and measures 15.3 feet from top to bottom. It is equipped with four solar panels capable of generating 1,100 watts of power, a radiation-hardened PowerPC flight computer and a Ka-band communications link to relay science data back to Earth. The spacecraft was built by Ball Aerospace of Boulder, Colo.Kepler will pass the moon’s orbit in just two days as it heads into a 371-day orbit around the sun, separating slowly from Earth. It will aim itself at a patch of sky near the left wing of Cygnus the Swan, midway between the stars Deneb and Vega.And then, Kepler will simply stare at the same stars for three-and-a-half years.”An Earth-like planet passing in front of a sun-like star is going to cause the brightness of that star to dim by only 1 part per 10,000,” said Natalie Batalha, a Kepler co-investigator at San Jose State University. “That’s like looking at a headlight from a great distance and trying to sense the brightness change when a flea crawls across the surface. But the Kepler instrument is designed to detect such small changes in brightness.”Kepler is capable of detecting Earth-like planets around stars ranging from 600 to 3,000 light years away.The science team is particularly interested in planets that may orbit within a star’s habitable zone, the region around a star where water on a planet can exist as a liquid. Habitable zones vary in location depending on a star’s size and brilliance. By timing changes in a star’s light as a transit occurs, scientists can figure out the size of a presumed planet’s orbit and thus whether it falls in that star’s habitable zone.”The habitable zone is where we think water will be,” Borucki said. “If you can find liquid water on the surface, we think we may very well find life there. So that zone is not too close to the star, because it’s too hot and the water boils. Not too far away where the water’s condensed and ice-covered, a planet covered with glaciers. It’s the goldilocks zone, not too hot, not too cold, just right for life.”Weiler said Kepler is a pathfinder of sorts for more sophisticated missions that may one day study the atmospheres of Earth-like planets to look for signs of biological – or even industrial – activity.”A lot of scientists out there would like to immediately go out and build very large telescopes, not just to find Earth-like planets but to study their atmospheres, to search for clues that there might be life on those planets,” Weiler said. “The trouble is, most of these proposals start at about $5 billion and work upwards from there.”Before we actually take the next step, looking for signs of life on Earth-like planets, we’ve got to be sure there are at least a few Earth-like planets out there. And that’s why Kepler is so important. It’s a rather small mission, a moderate mission, around ($600 million), and it’s really a pathfinder for future large space telescopes that will go after the question that we all have, are we alone in the universe?”Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:THE FULL LAUNCH EXPERIENCE VIDEO:DELTA 2 ROCKET LIFTS OFF WITH KEPLER VIDEO:KEPLER SUCCESSFULLY SEPARATES FROM ROCKET VIDEO:UPDATE FROM THE NASA LAUNCH MANAGER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: KSC TRACKER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: UCS 23 TRACKER VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: TOWER CAMERA VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PATRICK AFB VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PAD CAMERA VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: PRESS SITE 1 VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: TRIDENT BLUFF LOCATION VIDEO:LAUNCH REPLAY: SECOND VIEW FROM BLUFF VIDEO:AN INTERVIEW WITH NASA’S SCIENCE CHIEF VIDEO:LAUNCH PAD’S SERVICE TOWER ROLLED BACK VIDEO:HIGHLIGHTS OF KEPLER LAUNCH CAMPAIGN VIDEO:HIGHLIGHTS OF THE DELTA 2’S LAUNCH CAMPAIGN VIDEO:THURSDAY’S PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:SCIENTISTS PREVIEW THE KEPLER MISSION VIDEO:KEPLER PRE-FLIGHT OVERVIEW BRIEFING VIDEO:SPACECRAFT MOUNTED ATOP ROCKET AT PAD 17B VIDEO:LEAVING ASTROTECH FOR TRIP TO LAUNCH PAD VIDEO:CANISTER PUT AROUND KEPLER FOR PAD MOVE VIDEO:SOLID-FUEL THIRD STAGE ATTACHED TO KEPLER VIDEO:BEAUTY SHOTS OF OBSERVATORY IN CLEANROOM VIDEO:SPACECRAFT UNPACKED AT ASTROTECH FACILITY VIDEO:KEPLER ARRIVES ON FLORIDA’S SPACE COAST VIDEO:DELTA ROCKET’S SECOND STAGE ERECTED STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.STS-133 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Discovery is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-133. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Lander targets Mars’ water BY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: August 5, 2007When NASA’s Phoenix lander arrives at Mars next May, it will join a flotilla of spacecraft already at the red planet working as a team of robotic scientists to probe the existence of water.Two NASA orbiters and a European craft are currently circling Mars. NASA’stwo Mars rovers are also operating in their fourth year since landing inJanuary 2004. All of the missions are working to map the planet and assistin the search for past or present water.”The Mars program is constructed of interrelated orbiters and landers,”said Doug McCuistion, NASA’s Mars exploration program director. “We doreconnaissance from orbit, followed up with ground truth and greaterunderstanding from systems actually on the surface.”Phoenix blasted off from the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 5:26 a.m.EDT Saturday, but it will take 10 months for the craft to traverse thesolar system to reach Mars. The 772-pound lander will streak into theMartian atmosphere and fire braking rockets to gently touch down on asweeping plain near the planet’s north pole. Landing is scheduled for May25, 2008.The landing site was chosen because it is believed to harbor water icenear the surface, and an eight-foot robot arm will dig up to 20 inchesinto the soil to snag ice deposits. The soil will be put into a miniaturelaboratory inside Phoenix to analyze its composition.NASA’s Mars Odyssey and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter probes played a keyrole in selecting the Phoenix landing site. Instruments on thosespacecraft provided high resolution imagery and estimates of ice depth forpotential Phoenix touchdown points.”I am a very strong proponent of using orbiters to find the mostinteresting places to send the rovers and landers,” said Phil Christensen,lead scientist for the Thermal Emission Imaging System instrument on MarsOdyssey.The Odyssey sensor, called THEMIS, can detect changes in surfacetemperature in the infrared wavelength. Scientists can draw conclusionsfrom the temperature changes to determine the presence of ice and largerocks.”Surfaces with deep ice cool off through the late summer and falldifferently than those that have a buried ice layer,” Christensen said.The Gamma Ray Spectrometer, another instrument aboard Mars Odyssey, hasalso detected plentiful water ice in the subsurface of the planet’s polarregions.”From an historical point of view, what Phoenix does is it’s the firstreal response to a significant to a significant scientific discovery.Odyssey found the water and said there is a significant amount of waterright there,” said Barry Goldstein, the Phoenix project manager at NASA’sJet Propulsion Laboratory.Powerful radars on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Europe’s Mars Expresshave also found reservoirs of frozen water deeper underground.The initial survey of the Martian polar regions for Phoenix yielded amultitude of possible landing sites. Scientists thought they had chosen afront-runner in mid-2006, but detailed images from the newly arrived MarsReconnaissance Orbiter showed the area was littered with boulders thatcould pose serious danger to Phoenix.The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment, or HiRISE, is the mostcapable camera ever deployed into the solar system. The instrument canresolve objects as small as one meter.HiRISE arrived aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in March 2006, andimagery from the camera caused scientists to consider alternate landingsites.”HiRISE images were used to certify the initial landing site, which wasrejected based on the boulder abundances,” said Alfred McEwen, theinstrument’s principal investigator.Phoenix must land at a site with no rocks larger than 14 to 18 inches,according to mission officials.When HiRISE determined the primary landing site was unsafe, THEMIS datawas used to search for other favorable regions. The instrument can detectlarge rocks during nighttime passes because they retain heat, whichincreases temperature returns in the infrared wavelength, Christensensaid.”The advantage of THEMIS was that we had complete coverage of the entirenorthern plains, whereas HiRISE could only image a very small fraction ofthe plains. What we did was to find the coldest regions in the THEMIStemperature maps, and then verify that these indeed have very few rocksusing HiRISE,” Christensen said.After extensive analysis, the Phoenix science team selected a new landingsite with fewer hazardous rocks. The preferred region lies in a largeshallow valley 30 miles wide and about 800 feet deep.The location lies at about the same latitude as central Greenland ornorthern Alaska on Earth, according to scientists.Data from THEMIS also confirmed the new region has water ice within two tosix inches of the surface.”All areas at these high latitudes probably have shallow ice, so the mainconsideration was landing safety,” McEwen said.Mars orbiters will continue to guide scientists to interesting and safelanding sites in the future. Mars Odyssey instruments helped the selectionprocess for NASA’s twin rovers in 2003, and data from Mars ReconnaissanceOrbiter will be factored into choosing a touchdown point for the agency’sMars Science Laboratory, a rover the size of a small car that will arriveat the red planet in 2010.”These examples demonstrate the incredible utility for having ?eyes’ inorbit to find landing sites,” Christensen said.Phoenix is designed to complete a mission lasting about 90 Martian days.It will land in the spring season on Mars, when the ice caps haveretreated to regions further north. But scientists expect the carbondioxide ice to eventually encroach on Phoenix as winter approaches, likelyencasing the lander in a debilitating deep freeze.Spirit and Opportunity, the two NASA rovers that found proof of vastamounts of water on ancient Mars, are still operating more than threeyears after reaching their designed lifetimes.”Our experience has been that luck is a good thing to have when you’reexploring Mars,” said Steve Squyres, chief scientist for the rovers.”One thing that three-and-a-half years on Mars has taught me is humility.I wouldn’t even begin to guess what Phoenix is going to experience.”Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:PHOENIX LAUNCHES! VIDEO:POST-FLIGHT COMMENTS FROM LAUNCH MANAGER VIDEO:WIDE-SCREEN FROM PATRICK AFB CAMERA VIDEO:TRACKER FOLLOWS ROCKET TO MECO VIDEO:LAUNCH AS SEEN FROM THE PRESS SITE VIDEO:PAD’S MOBILE GANTRY ROLLED BACK FOR LAUNCH VIDEO:NARRATED HIGHLIGHTS OF PHOENIX CAMPAIGN VIDEO:NARRATED HIGHLIGHTS OF ROCKET CAMPAIGN VIDEO:THE PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:OVERVIEW OF PHOENIX MISSION TO MARS VIDEO:ANIMATION OF PHOENIX WITH NARRATION John Glenn Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The historic first orbital flight by an American is marked by this commemorative patch for John Glenn and Friendship 7.Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is available in our store. Get this piece of history!Celebrate the shuttle programFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This special commemorative patch marks the retirement of NASA’s Space Shuttle Program. Available in our store!Anniversary Shuttle PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!This embroidered patch commemorates the 30th anniversary of the Space Shuttle Program. The design features the space shuttle Columbia’s historic maiden flight of April 12, 1981.Mercury anniversaryFree shipping to U.S. addresses!Celebrate the 50th anniversary of Alan Shephard’s historic Mercury mission with this collectors’ item, the official commemorative embroidered patch.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Last-of-its-kind surveillance satellite reaches orbit BY STEPHEN CLARKSPACEFLIGHT NOWPosted: November 11, 2007Saturday night’s booming blastoff of the Delta 4-Heavy rocket signaled the end of a 37-year-long string of launches for the U.S. Air Force’s early warning satellite program as the military transitions to a new system that will provide better global coverage than ever before. An artist’s concept shows a DSP satellite deployed in space. Credit: Northrop GrummanThe triple-body rocket lofted the 23rd and final Defense Support Programsatellite carrying an array of infrared sensors in geosynchronous orbit todetect missile launches and nuclear activity around the world.The Air Force’s DSP fleet is being phased out in favor of the Space-BasedInfrared System, or SBIRS. The new program will include payloads ingeosynchronous and elliptical high Earth orbits.”DSP’s legacy is one of service to the nation,” said Peggy Paul, DSPprogram manager at Northrop Grumman Corp., the spacecraft’s contractor.The first launch of a Defense Support Program satellite was on Nov. 6,1970, almost precisely 37 years ago.”I like to think of DSP as really providing a blanket of security that ournational has enjoyed since the early 70s,” said Air Force Col. RogerTeague, commander of the SBIRS space group at the Space Missile SystemsCenter.The formerly classified system was later unveiled to the public, withlaunches occurring aboard Titan rockets and one space shuttle missionbefore Saturday’s spectacular Delta 4 sendoff to punctuate the program.”A lot of folks are very much tuned to this being the last DSP launch, butit also helps us look toward the future as we prepare to usher in theSBIRS constellation,” Teague said.The $400 million satellite was deployed in a circular orbit with aninclination of about four degrees. When the craft will join its counterparts already in space is classified.”We have a very healthy DSP constellation,” Teague said. “That gives usgreat confidence for the next several years that the nation will beprotected.”The latest block design of DSP spacecraft are designed to work for atleast three years, with a goal of five years of service. Officials say some of thesatellites easily surpass those marks.”They are exceeding that two-to-three times over,” said Lt. Col. JoeConiglio, Air Force DSP program director. “It is a robust system that hasbeen able to do the mission far and above what it was ever designed for.”Combined, the satellites have lived 165 years beyond their minimumexpected lifetimes, according to Paul.”That’s 30 to 50 satellites that didn’t have to be launched,” she said.”That’s a real value to the government.”Sensors aboard DSP satellites have lived an average of more than fourtimes longer than their design lives, Paul said.The DSP system, originally developed to watch for Soviet missile launchesand nuclear tests, transitioned to a new role after the end of the ColdWar. DSP satellites have met the challenge of the emergence of new playersin missile and nuclear technology, according to Teague.”That brings a new threat to the stage that we’re trying to account forand make sure that we have capabilities to guard against that,” he said.Today’s DSP satellites carry more than 6,000 infrared detectors that areconstantly on the vigil for ballistic and theater short-range missilelaunches and nuclear detonations. The satellites have proven to be aflexible asset in providing early warning of both strategic and tacticallaunches, Paul said.The fleet provided early warning of Iraqi SCUD missile launches tocivilians and coalition military forces in Saudi Arabia and Israel.”DSP has really provided that capability that allows us to live in peaceand without fear and knowing that we’ve got a system that’s alwayswatching not only our homeland but also U.S. forces and allies abroad,”Teague said.Scientists have also used DSP infrared instruments to detect volcaniceruptions and wildfires, according to the Air Force.”Even though it’s a legacy system, our folks are still finding ways toexploit the capabilities of this system,” Coniglio said.Future system on the horizonNew satellites in the SBIRS program will join the heritage constellationin geosynchronous orbit beginning in late 2009, according to Teague.”We’re still extracting every ounce of value out of the DSP system,”Teague said. “But like all great systems, we’ve found opportunities andabilities to be able to improve that and we’re doing that with SBIRS.”The next-generation system also includes sensors mounted on top secret spysatellites in egg-shaped high Earth orbits. The first instrument packageis already in space, the Air Force announced last year.”This has been a truly revolutionary capability that we now have in HEO,”Teague said. “That gives us new glimpses and new capability that we nowhave the opportunity to exploit.”The first HEO payload is not yet operational, Teague said, but officialsare using it as a learning tool before a second group of sensors islaunched on another classified host satellite. The HEO system could bedeclared operational by the middle of next year.”As we look to launch the SBIRS GEO satellites, we’ll be bringing thoseinto the operational constellation,” Teague said.Teague said the first GEO satellite payload has been sent to a LockheedMartin Corp. facility and integrated on the spacecraft bus for thebeginning of a lengthy combined test campaign.The military holds contracts for two geosynchronous satellites withLockheed Martin, with an option for a third spacecraft. Teague said adecision on whether to exercise the contract option or move on to a newdesign is being discussed at the highest levels of military leadership.”There are a number of decisions ongoing within the Pentagon with regardto at what point do you take that snapshot and draw the line in the sandand say, ‘Hey, I’m going to move on to the next generation and how do I dothat? Do I evolve my current capability? Do I go out and do somethingcompletely different? All of those discussions are underway right now,” hesaid.The SBIRS system originally included plans for additional geosynchronoussatellites, but cost overruns and development delays caused those plans tobe scrapped.Cost estimates for the program have nearly tripled since its inception in1996. The soaring costs could play a role in a decision whether to launchmore SBIRS satellites or create a new system.”A big lesson that we have to keep in mind is that we’ve got to be able toappropriately manage our risks and making sure that we don’t bite too bigof an apple off at one time and that we can deliver something on budget,on cost and on schedule,” Teague said.The infrared sensors and the associated electronic systems for the SBIRSprogram are built by Northrop Grumman.The SBIRS payloads include a scanning sensor that will provide more timelydata than the DSP instruments. Other detectors on geosynchronoussatellites will stare at specific regions with increased sensitivity.Expanded short-wave and mid-wave infrared sensors will also allow theSBIRS satellites to perform a broader range of missions.”The scanning technology that we have on orbit with HEO is the exactidentical capability that will be on orbit at GEO,” Teague said. “It givesus great confidence going forward that what we’ve got is going to workgreat.”The SBIRS constellation will work in tandem with the Space Tracking andSurveillance System managed by the Missile Defense Agency. Originallycalled SBIRS Low and managed by the Air Force, the STSS satellites will bestationed in low Earth orbit to demonstrate the tracking and quickidentification of launches for missile defense applications.The first orbital members of the STSS program will be launched next year.”In the near term, we feel very confident and comfortable about where weare with being able to provide that surveillance capability,” Teague said.Spaceflight Now’s Justin Ray contributed to this report.Additional coverage for subscribers:VIDEO:WIDESCREEN MOVIE OF LAUNCH SHOT FROM PRESS SITE VIDEO:DELTA 4-HEAVY ROCKETS LAUNCHES WITH DSP 23 VIDEO:PRE-LAUNCH NEWS CONFERENCE VIDEO:ANIMATION OF DSP SATELLITE VIDEO:DSP 23 SATELLITE IS TRANSPORTED TO PAD 37B VIDEO:THE DSP 23 SPACECRAFT MOUNTED ATOP ADAPTER VIDEO:FIRST DELTA 4-HEAVY FROM LIFTOFF TO BOOSTER SEP. VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA RECORDS FIRST HEAVY LAUNCH VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA SEES BOOSTER SEPARATION VIDEO:ONBOARD CAMERA CAPTURES FAIRING JETTISON Final Shuttle Mission PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The crew emblem for the final space shuttle mission is now available in our store. Get this piece of history!STS-134 PatchFree shipping to U.S. addresses!The final planned flight of space shuttle Endeavour is symbolized in the official embroidered crew patch for STS-134. Available in our store!Ares 1-X PatchThe official embroidered patch for the Ares 1-X rocket test flight, is available for purchase.Apollo CollageThis beautiful one piece set features the Apollo program emblem surrounded by the individual mission logos.Project OrionThe Orion crew exploration vehicle is NASA’s first new human spacecraft developed since the space shuttle a quarter-century earlier. The capsule is one of the key elements of returning astronauts to the Moon.Fallen Heroes Patch CollectionThe official patches from Apollo 1, the shuttle Challenger and Columbia crews are available in the store. | | | | 2014 Spaceflight Now Inc.Launch hazard areaSPACEFLIGHT NOW

The 35,000-pound craft will reach the space station Jan. 27, approaching from below as astronauts extend the lab’s robot arm to grapple the free-flying freighter. The crew will berth the HTV to the station?s Harmony module for a stay of up to two months.